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Left ventricular vortex formation time in elite athletes.

Gerard King1, Nicholas Ngiam2, John Clarke1

  • 1Eaglelodge Cardiology, O'Connell Avenue, Limerick, Ireland.

The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging
|March 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Elite athletes exhibit a longer vortex formation time (VFT), a key indicator of left ventricular filling, compared to sedentary individuals. This finding suggests differences in diastolic function between athletic and non-athletic populations.

Keywords:
AthletesDiastolic functionEchocardiographyLeft ventricular fluid dynamicsVortex formation time

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Sports Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Vortex formation time (VFT) quantifies left ventricular (LV) filling across diastole.
  • Previous research has explored VFT in heart failure patients.
  • This study investigates VFT differences between elite athletes and healthy controls.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare vortex formation time (VFT) in elite male athletes versus age-, weight-, and sex-matched sedentary volunteers.
  • To analyze echocardiographic indices of diastolic function in both groups.

Main Methods:

  • Echocardiographic assessment of 41 elite male athletes and 22 sedentary controls.
  • Calculation of VFT using a validated formula involving transmitral diastolic stroke volume and end-diastolic volume.
  • Measurement of diastolic function via E/e' and E/A ratios.

Main Results:

  • Elite athletes had lower heart rates and larger LV end-diastolic diameters than controls.
  • VFT was significantly lower in the sedentary group compared to athletes (p < 0.001).
  • Sedentary controls showed a higher E/e' ratio than athletes (p < 0.001).
  • VFT correlated modestly with E/A (r=0.47, p < 0.001) and E/e' (r=-0.33, p=0.012).

Conclusions:

  • Elite athletes demonstrate an elevated vortex formation time (VFT) compared to healthy sedentary individuals.
  • These findings highlight distinct patterns of left ventricular diastolic function in elite athletes.