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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Simultaneous Label-Free Autofluorescence Multi-Harmonic Microscopy
Published on: August 29, 2025
High temporal resolution arterial spin labeling MRI with whole-brain coverage by combining time-encoding with
Merlijn C E van der Plas1, Wouter M Teeuwisse1, Sophie Schmid1
1C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
This study presents a rapid, whole-brain MRI method for dynamic arterial spin labeling (ASL) to measure brain blood flow. The technique achieves high temporal resolution, enabling efficient hemodynamic studies.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Biomedical Engineering
- Radiology
Background:
- Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) MRI is crucial for non-invasively assessing cerebral blood flow (CBF).
- Achieving high temporal resolution and whole-brain coverage in ASL is challenging due to scan time limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a time-efficient pseudo-continuous ASL (pCASL) MRI technique for high temporal resolution, multi-time point, whole-brain coverage.
- To enable dynamic assessment of brain hemodynamics with improved efficiency.
Main Methods:
- Employed a Hadamard 8-matrix for dynamic encoding of the pCASL labeling train, providing temporal information.
- Utilized a Look-Locker (LL) readout with a flip-angle sweep and simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) acquisition for rapid, whole-brain coverage.
- Applied signal correction for flip-angle sweep and background suppression, quantifying results with the BASIL toolkit.
Main Results:
- Acquired 28 time points with 75- or 150-ms resolution across 16 slices in 10 minutes 20 seconds.
- Generated cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps, arterial transit time maps, and arterial blood volume.
- Demonstrated feasibility with reasonable CBF maps obtained in a reduced scan time of 1 minute 18 seconds.
Conclusions:
- The combined pCASL, LL, and SMS techniques enable high temporal resolution, whole-brain ASL imaging.
- This approach significantly reduces scan time, making it practical for studying brain hemodynamics.
- The method allows for efficient acquisition of dynamic ASL data for various clinical and research applications.
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