Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Endovascular Therapy in Posterior Fossa Brain Arteriovenous Malformations: A Clinical Study
Ozhan Merzuk Uckun1, Ergun Daglioglu
1Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Ankara, Turkey.
Aim:
To assess posterior fossa brain arteriovenous malformation (PFbAVM) patients who received initial endovascular intervention to reduce the lesion size, as well as embolization for the obliteration of the lesions.
Material And Methods:
This retrospective analysis included 16 patients (7 males and 9 females) with PFbAVMs who were treated between 2010 and 2017 via surgery, endovascular techniques, or combinations of modalities. Patient demographic and clinical features, angiographic characteristics, treatment modalities, complications, and outcomes were analyzed.
Results:
Six patients with cerebellar AVMs, 2 with brainstem AVMs, and 8 with cerebellarâ€"brainstem AVMs were included in this study. All patients were treated by endovascular embolization as initial or final treatment. Patient characteristics were assessed for all 16 patients; 7 (43.75%) presented with hemorrhage, and they were further treated by microsurgery because of residual niduses. Complete obliteration was obtained in all patients. Two patients had persistent neurological deficits. The outcome was measured with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Serviceable outcome (mRS ≤ 2) was attained in 14 patients.
Conclusion:
Successful treatment of PFbAVMs depends on an integrated team of neurosurgeons, radiosurgeons, and endovascular neurosurgeons. In PFbAVMs, endovascular embolization as adjuvant or final treatment is useful and safe.
Related Concept Videos
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Gene Therapy
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...

