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Related Concept Videos

Upper GI Series: Barium Swallow01:24

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The Barium Swallow Study, or a Barium Esophagogram, is a diagnostic imaging method used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine. It employs barium sulfate, a radiopaque contrast material, to provide clear images of the upper digestive system, helping to identify abnormalities, diseases, or structural issues.
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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Lower GI Series: Barium Enema01:23

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A Barium Enema, or a lower GI series, is a specialized radiographic examination designed to visualize the lower gastrointestinal tract, specifically the colon and rectum. This procedure is instrumental in diagnosing various conditions such as colorectal cancer, polyps, diverticulosis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing
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Radiation Risks to Adult Patients Undergoing Modified Barium Swallow Studies.

Heather Shaw Bonilha1,2, Walter Huda3, Janina Wilmskoetter4

  • 1Health Sciences and Research, Medical University of South Carolina, 77 President St, MSC 700, Charleston, SC, 29425-2503, USA. bonilhah@musc.edu.

Dysphagia
|March 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Modified Barium Swallow Studies (MBSSs) pose minimal cancer risks, with patient age being the primary factor. Radiation exposure to the thyroid, lung, and red bone marrow drives most risks, which decrease with age.

Keywords:
Cancer risksDeglutition disordersFluoroscopyRadiation exposure

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Modified Barium Swallow Studies (MBSSs) utilize fluoroscopic imaging, involving ionizing radiation exposure.
  • Assessing the excess cancer risk associated with MBSSs is crucial for maintaining a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the excess radiation-induced cancer risks for adult patients undergoing MBSSs.
  • To identify key organs contributing to cancer risk and evaluate the influence of patient demographics.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 53 adult MBSSs conducted under the Modified Barium Swallow Impairment Profile (MBSImP) protocol.
  • Recording of radiation dose (dose area product), patient age, and sex for each examination.
  • Calculation of effective and organ-specific doses, utilizing BEIR VII data to determine excess cancer incidence.

Main Results:

  • Excess cancer incidence risks varied by age and sex, with examples including 11 per million for 20-year-old males and 32 per million for 20-year-old females.
  • Thyroid, lung, and red bone marrow accounted for over 90% of the total cancer incidence risk.
  • Cancer risk per unit effective dose was lower than for uniform whole-body irradiation, with patient age being the most significant determinant.

Conclusions:

  • MBSSs present a low excess cancer incidence risk, influenced significantly by patient age.
  • Radiation dose optimization and consideration of patient age are important for minimizing potential risks.
  • The study provides essential data for informed decision-making regarding the use of MBSSs.