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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Obesity.

Adam Gilden Tsai¹, Daniel H Bessesen²

¹From Kaiser Permanente, Metabolic-Surgical Weight Management, Denver, Colorado. (A.G.T.).

Annals of Internal Medicine

|March 5, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Internists play a key role in obesity management by assessing weight-related disease and patient motivation. They should guide patients toward lifestyle changes and consider medication or surgery for effective weight loss.

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Area of Science:

Internal Medicine
Obesity Medicine
Preventive Cardiology

Background:

Obesity is a complex chronic disease with significant health implications.
Effective management requires a multifaceted approach addressing contributing factors and patient readiness.
Internists are pivotal in the initial evaluation and management of overweight and obese patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline the essential role of internists in the comprehensive evaluation and management of obesity.
To emphasize the importance of identifying secondary causes of weight gain and assessing patient motivation.
To provide guidance on evidence-based interventions for weight loss.

Main Methods:

Assessment of weight-related comorbidities and secondary causes of weight gain (e.g., medications, sleep disorders).
Evaluation of patient motivation and readiness for behavior change.
Referral to high-intensity behavioral interventions.
Consideration of pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery for select patients.

Main Results:

Internists can effectively identify and address barriers to weight loss.
Lifestyle modifications (diet and physical activity monitoring) are foundational.
Structured behavioral programs significantly enhance weight loss outcomes.
Pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery offer additional therapeutic options for specific patient profiles.

Conclusions:

Internists are crucial in managing obesity by assessing disease burden and motivation.
A combination of lifestyle changes, behavioral programs, and potentially medication or surgery is recommended.
Personalized weight management strategies are essential for successful patient outcomes.