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Introducing selenium into sulfurized polyacrylonitrile enhances lithium-sulfur battery performance in both carbonate and ether electrolytes. This modification accelerates redox conversion, suppressing polysulfide dissolution for improved cycling and capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) cathodes show promise for lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, but their performance is limited by polysulfide solubility, especially in ether electrolytes.
  • The high solubility of lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn, n≤4) leads to shuttling and reduced electrochemical performance, despite the limited redox conversion in SPAN.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the electrochemical performance of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile cathodes in Li-S batteries.
  • To improve the compatibility of sulfur cathodes with both carbonate and ether electrolytes.
  • To suppress polysulfide dissolution and shuttling through accelerated redox conversion.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a small amount of selenium into sulfurized polyacrylonitrile.
  • Electrochemical testing in both carbonate and ether electrolytes.
  • Analysis of redox conversion kinetics and polysulfide solubility.

Main Results:

  • The selenium-modified SPAN cathodes delivered high reversible capacity (1300 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 A g⁻¹) and excellent rate capability (900 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹).
  • Cathodes demonstrated remarkable cycling stability over 800 cycles with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency and ultralow capacity decay (0.029% per cycle).
  • Polysulfide dissolution was successfully suppressed due to enhanced reaction kinetics, enabling ether electrolyte compatibility.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium incorporation significantly accelerates redox conversion in SPAN, overcoming the limitations of polysulfide solubility.
  • The developed sulfur cathode exhibits excellent performance in both electrolyte types, offering a promising solution for practical lithium-sulfur batteries.
  • This work highlights a viable strategy for creating ether-compatible sulfur cathodes with high capacity and long cycle life.