Endodontic biofilms: contemporary and future treatment options

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Endodontics
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Apical periodontitis is a persistent infection driven by microbial biofilms.
• These biofilms shield bacteria, enhancing resistance to standard intracanal disinfection methods.
• Effective treatment necessitates addressing both biofilm structure and bacterial viability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the characteristics of endodontic biofilms.
• To explore antimicrobial resistance mechanisms employed by these biofilms.
• To discuss current and emerging therapeutic strategies for intracanal disinfection.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of endodontic biofilms and antimicrobial resistance.
• Analysis of current disinfection protocols.
• Exploration of novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

• Endodontic biofilms present significant challenges to disinfection due to protective mechanisms.
• Antimicrobial resistance is a critical factor in treatment failure.
• A multifaceted approach targeting biofilm disruption and bacterial eradication is essential.

Conclusions:

• Novel therapeutic strategies are needed to overcome biofilm-induced resistance in apical periodontitis.
• Further research into virulence factors and resistance mechanisms will guide future treatments.
• Integrated approaches combining biofilm disruption and antimicrobial action are crucial for successful endodontic therapy.