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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Experimental Contusive Model of Spinal Cord Injury
10:56

Neural Stem Cell Transplantation in Experimental Contusive Model of Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: December 17, 2014

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Immunosuppressive mechanisms for stem cell transplant survival in spinal cord injury

Joseph P Antonios1, Ghassan J Farah2, Daniel R Cleary2

  • 11David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and.

Neurosurgical Focus
|March 6, 2019
PubMed

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been associated with a dismal prognosis-recovery is not expected, and the most standard interventions have been temporizing measures that do little to mitigate the extent of damage. While advances in surgical and medical techniques have certainly improved this outlook, limitations in functional recovery continue to impede clinically significant improvements. These limitations are dependent on evolving immunological mechanisms that shape the cellular environment at the site of SCI. In this review, we examine these mechanisms, identify relevant cellular components, and discuss emerging treatments in stem cell grafts and adjuvant immunosuppressants that target these pathways. As the field advances, we expect that stem cell grafts and these adjuvant treatments will significantly shift therapeutic approaches to acute SCI with the potential for more promising outcomes.

Keywords:
CNS = central nervous systemFKBP = FK506 binding proteinMSC = mesenchymal stem cellNPC = neural precursor cellOPC = oligodendrocyte progenitor cellSCI = spinal cord injurySKP-SC = skin-derived precursor Schwann cellTNF-α = tumor necrosis factor αepSPC = ependymal stem/progenitor cellglial scarhESC = human embryonic stem cellhSSC = human fetal spinal cord stem celliNOS = inducible nitric oxide synthaseiPSC = induced pluripotent stem celliPSC-NPC = iPSC-derived NPCimmunosuppressantsspinal cord injurystem cell grafts

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