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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.7K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

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pH-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery.

Nayeleh Deirram1, Changhe Zhang1, Sarah S Kermaniyan1

  • 1School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|March 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

pH-responsive nanoparticles offer targeted drug delivery by releasing therapeutics in acidic environments like tumors. This review explores strategies for designing these advanced nanoparticles using polymers, linkages, and crosslinking.

Keywords:
charge shiftingdrug deliverypH-cleavablepH-responsive nanoparticlesstimuli-responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles enhance therapeutic delivery to specific cells or tissues.
  • pH variations, redox potential, and enzymes are key stimuli for controlled cargo release.
  • Acidification of cellular vesicles during nanoparticle internalization and the acidic tumor microenvironment drive interest in pH-responsive systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review strategies for designing pH-responsive nanoparticles.
  • To highlight the significance of pH triggers in targeted drug delivery.
  • To discuss various approaches for creating nanoparticles that respond to acidic conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on charge-shifting polymers for pH sensitivity.
  • Exploration of acid-labile linkages for controlled degradation.
  • Analysis of crosslinking strategies to modulate nanoparticle stability and release.

Main Results:

  • Charge-shifting polymers enable nanoparticles to alter their properties in response to pH changes.
  • Acid-labile linkages provide a mechanism for pH-triggered cargo release.
  • Crosslinking affects nanoparticle stability and release kinetics under varying pH conditions.

Conclusions:

  • pH-responsive nanoparticles represent a promising platform for targeted drug delivery.
  • The discussed strategies offer versatile approaches to engineer nanoparticles for specific therapeutic applications.
  • Further development in this area holds potential for improved treatment efficacy and reduced side effects.