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Directed acyclic graphs: An under-utilized tool for child maltreatment research.
Anna E Austin1, Tania A Desrosiers2, Meghan E Shanahan1
1Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7445, United States; Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 137 East Franklin Street, Suite 500, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7505, United States.
Child Abuse & Neglect
|March 6, 2019
Summary
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) help child maltreatment researchers model complex relationships and minimize bias. This guide provides practical resources for using DAGs to improve study design and data analysis in child maltreatment research.
Area of Science:
- Causal inference and research methodology in social sciences.
- Childhood adversity and developmental psychology.
Background:
- Child maltreatment research often involves complex, interrelated variables.
- Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) offer a framework for understanding causal relationships in this field.
- DAGs aid in selecting optimal analytical strategies to mitigate bias.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate the value of DAGs in child maltreatment research.
- To provide a practical guide for implementing DAGs in this research area.
Main Methods:
- Overview of DAG terminology and concepts relevant to child maltreatment.
- Explanation of DAG construction and variable types (confounders, mediators, colliders).
- Application of DAGs to specific research scenarios.
Main Results:
- DAGs assist in identifying appropriate covariates for multivariable models to control for confounding.
- DAGs help in recognizing unintended consequences of adjusting for mediators.
- DAGs aid in understanding the impact of adjusting for multiple maltreatment types.
- DAGs can reveal potential selection bias in child welfare system data.
Conclusions:
- DAGs enhance transparency in research assumptions.
- DAGs illuminate potential sources of bias in child maltreatment studies.
- DAGs improve the interpretability of research findings for evidence-based practice.
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