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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis: An Intraocular Inflammatory Mouse Model
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Microbiome and Autoimmune Uveitis.

Reiko Horai1, Rachel R Caspi1

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.

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|March 7, 2019
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Summary

Gut microbes may trigger autoimmune uveitis by mimicking retinal antigens, activating T cells in the gut. Depleting gut microbiota reduced disease severity in animal models, suggesting a gut-retina axis in this sight-threatening condition.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiome research
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Commensal microbes play a crucial role in immune system development and homeostasis.
  • Autoimmune uveitis is an intraocular inflammation affecting the neuroretina, driven by T cells.
  • Gut microbiota depletion has been observed to attenuate uveitis in animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which gut commensals prime retina-specific T cells in autoimmune uveitis.
  • To explore the role of gut microbiota in activating autoreactive T cells that cause uveitis.
  • To examine the potential gut-retina axis in the pathogenesis of uveitis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a spontaneous animal model of autoimmune uveitis.
  • Investigated the priming of retina-specific T cells in the context of gut microbiota.
  • Analyzed the effect of gut microbiota depletion on disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Gut commensals were found to activate retina-specific T cells via the T cell receptor, independent of endogenous retinal antigens.
  • Gut microbiota may mimic retinal antigens or act as an adjuvant, promoting uveitis development.
  • Uveitis in AIRE-/- mice appeared independent of gut microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • Gut microbiota can initiate autoimmune uveitis by activating autoreactive T cells, potentially through molecular mimicry or adjuvant effects.
  • The gut-retina axis is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of autoimmune uveitis.
  • Further research is needed to identify specific microbial mimics and establish causative links in human uveitis.