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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Using Generative Art to Convey Past and Future Climate Transitions

Published on: March 31, 2023

Water-Use Efficiency: Advances and Challenges in a Changing Climate.

Jerry L Hatfield¹, Christian Dold¹

¹National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, United States.

Frontiers in Plant Science

|March 7, 2019

Summary

Water use efficiency (WUE) is enhanced by increasing carbon assimilation per unit of water. Crop selection and management practices can improve WUE to mitigate climate change impacts on agriculture.

Keywords:

agronomic practices biomass carbon dioxide carbon dioxide–analysis energy balance photosynthesis temperature transpiration

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Area of Science:

Plant Physiology and Agronomy
Climate Change Adaptation in Agriculture

Background:

Water use efficiency (WUE) is crucial for crop production, defined as biomass or grain produced per unit of water consumed.
Climate change, with altered temperature, precipitation, and CO2 levels, significantly impacts plant WUE.
Understanding plant responses to environmental stressors like heat and drought is vital for agricultural sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how plants respond to changing climate conditions concerning their water use efficiency.
To explore methods for enhancing crop WUE at both leaf and canopy levels.
To identify strategies for improving agricultural resilience in the face of climate change.

Main Methods:

Analysis of leaf-level physiological responses to varying CO2 concentrations, temperature (heat stress), and water deficits (drought stress).
Examination of leaf:air vapor pressure deficits and their role in CO2 and H2O exchange.
Evaluation of canopy-level dynamics, including soil water evaporation, transpiration, and crop growth patterns.
Review of genetic screening methods and cultural practices for enhancing WUE.

Main Results:

At the leaf level, elevated CO2 initially increases WUE, but this benefit diminishes under heat stress.
Drought stress elicits varied WUE responses, influenced by physiological processes governing CO2 and H2O gradients.
Canopy-level WUE enhancement involves managing soil water evaporation and optimizing transpiration through practices like residue management, mulching, row spacing, and irrigation.

Conclusions:

Crop selection and strategic cultural practices offer significant opportunities to enhance WUE.
These strategies can help offset the negative impacts of climate change on crop productivity.
Improving WUE is essential for ensuring food security in a changing global climate.