The circulating miRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic markers.

Area of Science:

• Genomics
• Molecular Biology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• A significant portion of the human genome transcribes non-coding RNA sequences.
• MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression, impacting ~30% of protein-coding genes.
• miRNAs are involved in critical cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current literature on circulating miRNAs (C-miRNAs).
• To explore the potential of C-miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating miRNA function and detection.
• Analysis of C-miRNA detection in biological fluids (plasma, serum, exosomes).
• Examination of C-miRNA roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation.

Main Results:

• Mature miRNAs are detectable in various biological fluids, often associated with proteins, lipids, or exosomes.
• C-miRNAs function as endogenous mediators, regulating cellular processes in distant tissues.
• Specific C-miRNA profiles are associated with distinct pathological conditions.

Conclusions:

• C-miRNAs hold significant potential as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers.
• Further research into C-miRNA function and detection can advance disease diagnostics.