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Nutritional profile of multiple sclerosis.

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Malnutrition is uncommon in moderate-advanced multiple sclerosis (MS), but advanced disability and dysphagia necessitate nutritional support. Nutritional status shows a tendency towards overweight, decreased energy expenditure, and muscle mass loss in MS patients.

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Esclerosis múltiple. Estado nutricional. Malnutrición. Vitamina D.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease.
  • Weight loss and malnutrition are common in advanced MS stages.
  • Understanding nutritional profiles in MS is crucial for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define the nutritional profile in moderate-to-advanced MS patients.
  • To document malnutrition prevalence and its evolution over time.
  • To identify factors influencing nutritional status in MS.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study combining cross-sectional and 12-month longitudinal observational designs.
  • Evaluation of nutritional status through clinical, anthropometric, dietary, and analytical data.
  • Recruitment of 124 MS patients and 62 controls.

Main Results:

  • Malnutrition or risk of malnutrition was observed in 8% of MS patients.
  • Nutritional support was primarily needed by MS patients with advanced disability.
  • Follow-up revealed five deaths, four of whom received nutritional support.

Conclusions:

  • Malnutrition was infrequent in the studied moderate-to-advanced MS population.
  • Dysphagia in advanced neurological disability correlates with the need for nutritional support.
  • MS patients exhibit a tendency towards overweight, reduced energy expenditure, and muscle mass loss, with deficiencies in polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and vitamin D.