Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

1.9K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.9K
Urinary Bladder01:23

Urinary Bladder

3.3K
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
3.3K
Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra01:19

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

1.5K
The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...
1.5K
Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies

335
Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
335
Cancer02:18

Cancer

54.2K
Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
54.2K
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

14.4K
Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...
14.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Seronegative Atypical Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Glomerulonephritis Associated With Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Case Report and Literature Analysis.

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports·2023
Same author

An Uncommon Presentation of Vasopressin-Induced Purpura Fulminans.

Journal of medical cases·2023
Same author

Megadose Vitamin C Prescription Through Alternative Medicine Leading to End-Stage Renal Disease: Case Study and Literature Review.

Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports·2023
Same author

Incidental detection of operational tolerance in a deceased donor kidney transplant recipient lost to follow-up for more than 10 years: A case report and literature review.

Clinical nephrology. Case studies·2023
Same author

<i>Rhizobium radiobacter</i>-Induced Peritonitis: A Case Report and Literature Analysis.

Journal of medical cases·2022
Same author

Acute Interstitial Nephritis Induced by Clozapine.

Journal of medical cases·2022
Same journal

Abrocitinib as a Novel Therapeutic Option for Elastolytic Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report.

American journal of therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Dupilumab for Lichen Amyloidosis in an Elderly Multimorbid Patient.

American journal of therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Deucravacitinib for Generalized Pustular Psoriasis and Comorbid Polymyositis: Dual Efficacy and Favorable Safety.

American journal of therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Repurposed Drugs and Cardiovascular Morbidity: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

American journal of therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Do Not Treat a Sequencing Report: Therapeutic Stewardship in Endometrial Microbiome Testing.

American journal of therapeutics·2026
Same journal

Right Side Accessory Pathway Mediated Cardiomyopathy Treated with Amiodarone: First Adult Case Report.

American journal of therapeutics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
08:39

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

5.4K

Immunotherapy in Bladder Cancer.

Venu Madhav Konala1, Sreedhar Adapa2, Wilbert S Aronow3

  • 1Ashland Bellefonte Cancer Center, Ashland, KY.

American Journal of Therapeutics
|March 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunotherapy offers a significant advancement in treating bladder cancer, improving survival rates. This review covers immunotherapy

More Related Videos

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
09:24

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

9.5K
An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
09:07

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools
08:39

Culture of Bladder Cancer Organoids as Precision Medicine Tools

Published on: December 28, 2021

5.4K
3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer
09:24

3-D Cell Culture System for Studying Invasion and Evaluating Therapeutics in Bladder Cancer

Published on: September 13, 2018

9.5K
An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer
09:07

An Orthotopic Model of Murine Bladder Cancer

Published on: February 6, 2011

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Bladder Cancer Treatment

Background:

  • Bladder cancer is a prevalent malignancy in the US.
  • Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is standard for stage IV disease, offering limited remission and survival.
  • Immunotherapy represents a major recent advance in cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the side effects and limitations of current immunotherapy approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Review of key clinical trials including KEYNOTE-045, IMvigor211, CheckMate275, Javelin Solid Tumor, MEDI4736, and KEYNOTE-0528.
  • Analysis of Food and Drug Administration-approved immunotherapies for metastatic urothelial cancer.

Main Results:

  • Immunotherapy is approved as second-line treatment and for cisplatin-ineligible patients.
  • Five drugs (3 PD-1, 2 PD-L1 inhibitors) are approved post-platinum therapy.
  • Pembrolizumab and atezolizumab are FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitors for cisplatin-ineligible patients, with pembrolizumab showing overall survival benefit in KEYNOTE study.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy has transformed bladder cancer treatment paradigms.
  • Ongoing trials explore combination therapies and treatment durations.
  • Understanding immunotherapy's significance, side effects, and limitations is crucial for clinical practice.