Aspergillus Colonization and Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut Genotypes with Reduced Linoleic Acid Composition
C Corley Holbrook1, David M Wilson2, Michael E Matheron3
1Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS, Tifton, GA 31793.
Plant Disease
|March 8, 2019
Summary
Altering peanut
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Mycology
- Plant Pathology
Background:
- Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus produce aflatoxins, toxic fungal metabolites contaminating crops.
- Altering crop fatty acid composition may confer resistance to aflatoxin contamination.
- Peanut breeding lines with reduced linoleic acid have been developed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of reduced linoleic acid content on preharvest aflatoxin contamination in peanuts.
- To assess the efficacy of low linoleic acid peanut genotypes in resisting fungal contamination.
Main Methods:
- Field trials conducted over multiple years in Georgia and Arizona.
- Peanut plots inoculated with A. flavus and A. parasiticus.
- Plants subjected to drought and heat stress prior to harvest.
Main Results:
- Reduced linoleic acid composition showed no significant effect on preharvest aflatoxin contamination across combined years and locations.
- A measurable difference was observed in only one specific environmental condition.
- Potential limitations in the lipoxygenase pathway's role in peanut aflatoxin biosynthesis in vivo.
Conclusions:
- Reduced linoleic acid content in peanuts does not appear to be an effective strategy for reducing preharvest aflatoxin contamination under tested conditions.
- The lipoxygenase pathway's role in aflatoxin biosynthesis may be limited in planta compared to in vitro studies.
- Further research is needed to identify robust resistance mechanisms against aflatoxin contamination in peanut crops.
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