Percolation thresholds for photonic quantum computing
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Updated: Jan 28, 2026

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
Published on: September 5, 2019
Mihir Pant1,2, Don Towsley3, Dirk Englund4
1Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. mihir.pant@gmail.com.
Abstract:
Despite linear-optical fusion (Bell measurement) being probabilistic, photonic cluster states for universal quantum computation can be prepared without feed-forward by fusing small n-photon entangled clusters, if the success probability of each fusion attempt is above a threshold, [Formula: see text]. We prove a general bound [Formula: see text], and develop a conceptual method to construct long-range-connected clusters where [Formula: see text] becomes the bond percolation threshold of a logical graph. This mapping lets us find constructions that require lower fusion success probabilities than currently known, and settle a heretofore open question by showing that a universal cluster state can be created by fusing 3-photon clusters over a 2D lattice with a fusion success probability that is achievable with linear optics and single photons, making this attractive for integrated-photonic realizations.
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