Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...

Confirmation Biases

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight Biases

Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now?

Bias

Bias

Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

Psychodynamic Perspectives on Personality

The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
Psychodynamic theorists argue that unconscious...

Diode: Forward bias

Diode: Forward bias

In semiconductor devices, diodes play a crucial role in directing current flow, and its operation is primarily categorized into forward bias and reverse bias. A diode is said to be forward-biased when its p-type region is connected to the positive terminal of a battery and its n-type region is linked to the negative terminal. This configuration reduces the potential barrier within the diode, allowing current to flow easily from the p to the n-type region.
The behavior of a diode in forward bias...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Can a Single Cue Reduce Bias?

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2026

Same author

On the relationship between indirect measures of Black versus White racial attitudes and discriminatory outcomes: An adversarial collaboration using a sample of White Americans.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

Same author

A comparative investigation of interventions to reduce anti-fat prejudice across five implicit measures.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025

Same author

A contest study to reduce attractiveness-based discrimination in social judgment.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2024

Same author

America's racial framework of superiority and Americanness embedded in natural language.

PNAS nexus·2024

Same author

The Impact of Implicit-Bias-Oriented Diversity Training on Police Officers' Beliefs, Motivations, and Actions.

Psychological science·2023

Same journal

Outgroup friendships and social influence in the development of adolescent attitudes toward secondary outgroups.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

Same journal

The impact of "relational" Artificial Intelligence on human well-being: A self-determination theory analysis.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

Same journal

Is my loneliness killing me? Effects of loneliness and social isolation on transitions between cognitive status categories and death.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

Same journal

Listening across the divide: High-quality listening promotes speakers' state well-being through basic psychological need satisfaction during disagreements.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

Same journal

Morality cut both ways: The role of cognition and emotion in attitude moralization and demoralization.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

Same journal

The predictive validity of vocational interests for life outcomes across adulthood.

Journal of personality and social psychology·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Published on: March 4, 2022

Reducing discrimination: A bias versus noise perspective.

Jordan R Axt¹, Calvin K Lai²

¹Social Science Research Institute.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

|March 8, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Discrimination stems from noise (errors) and bias (unequal errors). Interventions targeting these distinct psychological mechanisms can reduce discrimination by addressing either noise, bias, or both simultaneously.

More Related Videos

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: October 31, 2013

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Assessment of Mouse Judgment Bias through an Olfactory Digging Task

Published on: March 4, 2022

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: October 31, 2013

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Testing for Odor Discrimination and Habituation in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2015

Area of Science:

Psychology
Social Psychology
Decision-Making Science

Background:

Discrimination arises from incorporating irrelevant demographic data into decisions, leading to errors.
The extent of discrimination is determined by the total number of judgment errors (noise) and the disproportionate favoring of one group over another (bias).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the distinct psychological mechanisms underlying noise and bias in discrimination.
To examine how different interventions differentially impact noise and bias.

Main Methods:

Eight studies involving 7,921 participants were conducted.
Interventions included removing demographic information, altering decision time, modifying motivation, and instructing participants to avoid group favoritism.

Main Results:

Removing demographic data reduced both bias and noise.
Altering decision time or motivation affected noise but not bias.
Instructions to avoid favoritism impacted bias, not noise.
A combined intervention targeting both instructions and time affected both bias and noise.

Conclusions:

Noise and bias are distinct constructs influenced by different psychological factors and interventions.
Understanding the specific impact of interventions on noise and bias is crucial for effectively reducing discrimination.