Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

29.9K
Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to...
29.9K
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

3.3K
3.3K
Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

25.1K
Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
25.1K
Structure and Function of Erythrocytes01:29

Structure and Function of Erythrocytes

5.8K
There are between 4.2 and 6 million erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, in every microliter of blood. These cells are small, flattened biconcave discs with centers that are depressed.
The erythrocyte plasma membrane is associated with proteins such as spectrin, which forms a flexible cytoplasmic meshwork. This meshwork allows erythrocytes to twist, turn, become cup-shaped, and regain their biconcave shape as they pass through narrow capillaries. Additionally, erythrocytes can form...
5.8K
Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

3.4K
The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
3.4K
Structure and Function of Leukocytes01:21

Structure and Function of Leukocytes

4.2K
An adult in good health typically has between 4,500 and 11,000 leukocytes, or white blood cells, per microliter of blood, which constitutes about 1% of the total blood volume. Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells contain a nucleus and other cellular organelles but do not have hemoglobin. Most white blood cells reside in connective tissues, particularly in lymphatic organs such as the lymph nodes, with only a small fraction present in circulating blood.
White blood cells protect the body...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>CEBP</i> and <i>ZEB2</i> alterations define three distinct subtypes of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

HemaSphere·2026
Same author

Blinatumomab Consolidation for High-Risk Ph-negative B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: the GRAALL-2014/B-QUEST Study.

Blood·2026
Same author

Impact of stem cell source in HLA-matched hematopoietic stem cell transplant for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission: a study from the GRAALL and the SFGM-TC.

Bone marrow transplantation·2026
Same author

Papulonodular mucinosis associated lupus erythematosus: A case series and a literature review.

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·2026
Same author

Impact of the rest period between sequential chemotherapy and conditioning regimen prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for high-risk myeloid malignancies.

Current research in translational medicine·2026
Same author

Prurigo nodularis exhibits miRNA dysregulation driving inflammation.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2026
Same journal

Chemotactic self-organization captures the dynamics of mammalian hair follicle patterning.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Tomographic imaging of superconducting order using particle-hole interference.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inhibitory potential of autologous neutralizing antibodies sets quantitative limits on the rebound-competent HIV-1 reservoir.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Inferring epidemiological parameters under an infectious phylogeography model with visitor dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Analytical modeling for suction cup designs for skin-interfaced wearable devices.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same journal

Improving cell-free metabolism through direct integration of artificial respiratory chains.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

11.1K

Microenvironment tailors nTreg structure and function.

Valérie Schiavon1,2, Sophie Duchez3, Mylène Branchtein4

  • 1Laboratory of Oncodermatology, Immunology, and Cutaneous Stem Cells, INSERM U976, 75010 Paris, France.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) have distinct maturation stages identified by CD39/CD26 markers. Their profile is stable in healthy individuals and may serve as a biomarker for autoimmune diseases.

Keywords:
CD39 regulatory receptorFOXP3 regulatory transcriptadenosine deaminase-binding CD26microenvironmental cytokinesnTregs

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.6K
Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity
12:31

Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity

Published on: May 1, 2018

14.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
09:45

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

Published on: April 27, 2017

11.1K
Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography
06:34

Evaluation of Left Ventricular Structure and Function using 3D Echocardiography

Published on: October 28, 2020

4.6K
Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity
12:31

Construction of Synthetic Phage Displayed Fab Library with Tailored Diversity

Published on: May 1, 2018

14.7K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Natural regulatory T cells (nTregs) are crucial for self-tolerance and are investigated for treating autoimmune diseases and graft-versus-host disease.
  • Understanding nTreg subsets and their maturation is key to harnessing their therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze blood nTreg subsets based on CD39/CD26 markers and understand their maturation process.
  • To investigate the influence of microenvironmental factors on nTreg function and plasticity.
  • To explore the potential of nTreg profiles as biomarkers for disease monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of blood nTreg subsets using CD39 and CD26 markers.
  • Investigating the effects of IL-2, TGFβ, and PGE2 on nTreg differentiation ex vivo.
  • Characterizing phenotypic, genetic, and functional properties of different nTreg subsets.
  • Monitoring nTreg CD39/CD26 profiles over time in healthy individuals and patients.

Main Results:

  • Five distinct nTreg subsets representing maturation stages were identified using CD39/CD26 markers.
  • Microenvironmental factors direct the conversion of naive precursors to immature and mature memory nTregs.
  • nTreg function is plastic, influenced by maturation stage and cytokines, mediating immune suppression through various mechanisms.
  • Blood nTreg CD39/CD26 profiles are stable in healthy individuals but vary inter-personally, showing potential as disease biomarkers.
  • Ex vivo reprogramming of conventional CD4 T cells yields suppressive FOXP3+ Tregs.

Conclusions:

  • The CD39/CD26 profile defines distinct nTreg maturation stages with unique functional capacities.
  • Microenvironmental cues critically regulate nTreg differentiation and function.
  • The nTreg CD39/CD26 profile holds promise as a blood biomarker for monitoring inflammatory diseases and guiding cell-based therapies.