Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

2.0K
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
2.0K
Crossing Over01:34

Crossing Over

171.7K
Unlike mitosis, meiosis aims for genetic diversity in its creation of haploid gametes. Dividing germ cells first begin this process in prophase I, where each chromosome—replicated in S phase—is now composed of two sister chromatids (identical copies) joined centrally.
The homologous pairs of sister chromosomes—one from the maternal and one from the paternal genome—then begin to align alongside each other lengthwise, matching corresponding DNA positions in a process...
171.7K
Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

6.4K
Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
6.4K
Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases01:14

Crossed Aldol Reaction Using Weak Bases

2.7K
This lesson deals with the crossed aldol reaction using weak bases. The self-condensation of an aldehyde having α hydrogen is prevented by adding it slowly to a mixture of formaldehyde and weak bases like hydroxide and alkoxide. Upon slow addition of the aldehyde, the base deprotonates the α carbon of the aldehyde to form the corresponding enolate. The enolate subsequently attacks the formaldehyde to form a single crossed product. Figure 1 depicts the aforementioned reaction.
2.7K
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

239.3K
Overview
239.3K
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

12.5K
In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
12.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A computational framework for fitting biophysical basal-ganglia network models, applied to Parkinsonian beta oscillations.

Journal of neural engineering·2026
Same author

Electrocorticography During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Movement Disorders: Single-Center Experience.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation (RAS)® with and without melody on Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS): A study protocol.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Substantia nigra pars reticulata involvement in auditory hallucinations of treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a deep brain stimulation case report.

Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Real-Time 3-D Video Reconstruction for Guidance of Transventricular Neurosurgery.

IEEE transactions on medical robotics and bionics·2025
Same author

A real-time phase-dependent closed-loop neuromodulation system for direct cortical stimulation.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation of Human In Vitro Neural Cultures in Multi-Well Microelectrode Arrays
04:00

Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation of Human In Vitro Neural Cultures in Multi-Well Microelectrode Arrays

Published on: May 3, 2024

1.9K

Cross-Frequency Coupling Based Neuromodulation for Treating Neurological Disorders.

Yousef Salimpour1, William S Anderson1

  • 1Functional Neurosurgery Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) links brain oscillations for neural communication. Abnormal CFC patterns are observed in neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and epilepsy, suggesting CFC as a therapeutic target.

Keywords:
Parkinson’s diseasecenter out reaching taskcross-frequency couplingelectrocorticographyepilepsymemoryphase-amplitude couplingsequence learning

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Integration of Fiber Photometry and Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Investigating Neural Modulation in Freely Moving Mice
08:38

Author Spotlight: Integration of Fiber Photometry and Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Investigating Neural Modulation in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: September 6, 2024

2.1K
Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

11.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 28, 2026

Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation of Human In Vitro Neural Cultures in Multi-Well Microelectrode Arrays
04:00

Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation of Human In Vitro Neural Cultures in Multi-Well Microelectrode Arrays

Published on: May 3, 2024

1.9K
Author Spotlight: Integration of Fiber Photometry and Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Investigating Neural Modulation in Freely Moving Mice
08:38

Author Spotlight: Integration of Fiber Photometry and Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation for Investigating Neural Modulation in Freely Moving Mice

Published on: September 6, 2024

2.1K
Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram
06:12

Recording Horizontal Saccade Performances Accurately in Neurological Patients Using Electro-oculogram

Published on: March 13, 2018

11.1K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Brain oscillations (local field potentials) exhibit rhythmic changes in neuronal membrane polarization.
  • High-frequency oscillations are linked to local cortical processing, while low-frequency oscillations facilitate information flow across large networks.
  • Cross-frequency coupling (CFC), particularly phase-amplitude coupling (PAC), describes interactions between different frequency bands, crucial for complex information transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore cross-frequency coupling (CFC) across the central nervous system.
  • To demonstrate the correlation between CFC and neurological disorders.
  • To review the role of CFC in neuronal network communication and its dysregulation in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of previously published studies on CFC and neurological disorders.
  • Analysis of effective treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD) and their association with PAC changes.
  • Demonstration of CFC analysis on electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals from PD and epilepsy patients.

Main Results:

  • CFC plays a significant role in large neuronal network communication.
  • Abnormal CFC patterns are associated with neurological diseases including schizophrenia, OCD, AD, epilepsy, and PD.
  • Changes in PAC are linked to effective PD treatments like dopaminergic medication and deep brain stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • CFC is integral to nervous system function and communication.
  • Altered CFC is a hallmark of several neurological disorders.
  • CFC presents a potential therapeutic target, necessitating advanced neural interface technologies for precise modulation.