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Related Concept Videos

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids01:21

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Cannabinoids

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Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is a phytocannabinoid that primarily interacts with the CB1 receptor, a type of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) predominantly in and around the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) and emetic center. THC also blocks the serotonin receptor activity in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) by inhibiting serotonin release. THC exerts its anti-emetic effects through these interactions, which are beneficial for patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:29

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Dopamine receptor antagonists, also known as antipsychotic agents, are critical in managing chemotherapy-induced vomiting. These antiemetic agents block dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), inhibiting signal transmission to the vomiting center. Antipsychotic agents encompass phenothiazines (PTZ), butyrophenones, benzamides, and thienobenzodiazepines (Zyprexa), which are utilized for their antiemetic and sedative properties.
Phenothiazines, such as prochlorperazine...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

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5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists01:28

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptors are distributed across the GI tract, vagal afferents, and key CNS regions including the central vomiting center and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) Chemotherapy agents stimulate enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to release large amounts of substance P (SP). SP is a neuropeptide released by specific sensory nerves in response to many different stressors, including those in the GI mucosa affected by chemotherapy.  SP binds and activates...
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Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction During Chemotherapy.

Martin Nicol1, Mathilde Baudet1, Alain Cohen-Solal1,2

  • 1Lariboisiere/Saint Louis Hospital, Cardiology Department Paris, France.

Cardiac Failure Review
|March 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early detection and treatment of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction are crucial for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Identifying individual risk factors can guide cardioprotective strategies to prevent cardiac complications.

Keywords:
Left ventricular dysfunctioncardio-oncologycardiotoxicity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Cardio-oncology

Background:

  • Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction is a common cardiac complication following chemotherapy.
  • Early detection and intervention are critical for improving cardiac outcomes in cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the definition, detection, and management of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To emphasize the importance of individualized risk assessment for cardioprotective treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • Discussion of diagnostic criteria, including left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiac biomarkers.
  • Exploration of risk stratification factors and potential cardioprotective agents.

Main Results:

  • Chemotherapy-induced myocardial injury may be a continuum, starting with biomarker elevation before structural changes and LVEF decline.
  • An individualized risk profile, considering patient factors and baseline cardiac function, is essential for treatment decisions.
  • Systematic cardioprotective treatment is not yet proven for all cancer patients.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction is key.
  • Personalized risk assessment should guide the use of cardioprotective therapies, such as ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers.
  • Prompt intervention for early cardiac dysfunction shows promise in preventing adverse cardiac events.