Multiple Myeloma or Brucellosis: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Hematology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Brucellosis is a significant global health concern, particularly in developing nations.
• This multisystemic infection presents with diverse clinical symptoms.
• Hematological abnormalities, including coagulopathy and gammopathy, are recognized complications of brucellosis, potentially leading to misdiagnosis.

Observation:

• A 65-year-old shepherd with a history of multiple myeloma presented with fever, weakness, and night sweats post-chemotherapy.
• Initial diagnosis focused on multiple myeloma based on bone marrow examination.
• Subsequent blood cultures identified Brucella melitensis, confirmed by 16S rRNA sequencing and serological tests.

Findings:

• Brucella infection was confirmed in a patient initially diagnosed with multiple myeloma.
• The patient experienced resolution of symptoms and improved condition after treatment for brucellosis.
• This case highlights the potential for Brucella infection to present as a primary hematological disorder.

Implications:

• Brucellosis can present with symptoms that closely resemble primary hematological malignancies.
• Accurate diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and comprehensive testing, including blood cultures and molecular methods.
• Employing molecular diagnostic techniques alongside traditional methods is essential to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure appropriate patient management.