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Applying modern coexistence theory to priority effects.

Tess Nahanni Grainger1,2, Andrew D Letten2,3, Benjamin Gilbert4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada; tessg@princeton.edu fukamit@stanford.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Priority effects, where the first species to arrive excludes others, are common in nature. This study shows that high sugar concentration in nectar increases priority effects by reducing species fitness differences, while pH has a neutral effect.

Keywords:
competitionfitness differenceinvasion criterionniche differencestabilizing difference

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbial Ecology

Background:

  • Modern coexistence theory explains species interactions, but research often overlooks historically contingent competitive exclusion (priority effects).
  • Priority effects occur when the first colonizing species excludes others due to large destabilizing differences and small fitness differences between competitors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically investigate the conditions that promote priority effects in nectar-colonizing yeasts.
  • To determine how abiotic factors (sugar concentration and pH) alter destabilizing and fitness differences that drive priority effects.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted pairwise invasion tests using four strains of nectar-colonizing yeasts.
  • Manipulated sugar concentration and pH in the nectar environment to assess their impact on competitive interactions.

Main Results:

  • Higher sugar concentrations increased the likelihood of priority effects by reducing fitness differences between yeast species.
  • Higher pH did not alter the likelihood of priority effects but instead promoted neutral competition by reducing both fitness and destabilizing differences.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental conditions significantly shape competitive interactions and the occurrence of priority effects.
  • Empirically partitioning priority effects into fitness and destabilizing components reveals mechanisms of environmental influence on competition.