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Substance use disorders involve a pattern of using drugs more extensively than intended and continuing use despite harmful consequences. This includes legal substances like alcohol and nicotine, as well as illegal drugs. These disorders often involve both physical and psychological dependence, reflecting compulsive use of substances that significantly alter thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, contributing to a major public health issue.
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Affective vulnerability in substance use disorders.

R Kathryn McHugh1, Elizabeth T Kneeland1

  • 1Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Current Opinion in Psychology
|March 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Affective vulnerabilities, including negative feelings and stress, significantly contribute to substance use disorders. Understanding how people experience and interpret emotions is key to addressing addiction.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Addiction Research

Background:

  • Substances of abuse engage brain reward pathways.
  • These substances also alleviate negative affect, acting as negative reinforcers.
  • Affective factors are strongly linked to problematic substance use and substance use disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the literature on affective vulnerabilities in substance use disorders.
  • To examine the role of affect experience and interpretation in addiction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on affective vulnerabilities and substance use disorders.
  • Analysis of factors related to the experience and interpretation of affect.

Main Results:

  • Negative affectivity, stress reactivity, distress intolerance, and anxiety sensitivity are pertinent to substance use disorders.
  • Both the experience and interpretation of affect play roles in addiction.

Conclusions:

  • Affective vulnerabilities are crucial in the development, maintenance, and treatment of substance use disorders.
  • Targeting affective factors may improve treatment outcomes for addiction.