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Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

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A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker...
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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
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Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...
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The cytoskeleton is a complex dynamic structure performing varied functions based on cellular requirements. The adaptability of the individual filaments in the cytoskeleton determines their ability to perform various functions within the cell. It can undergo rapid reorganization during processes like cell division or remain stable for several hours as in the interphase. The adaptability of these filaments depends on stringent regulatory mechanisms. The microfilament and microtubules of the...
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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Shape Memory Polymers for Active Cell Culture
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Cytoskeletal actin patterns shape mast cell activation.

Huw Colin-York1, Dong Li2,3, Kseniya Korobchevskaya4

  • 1MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Headley Way, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.

Communications Biology
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rat Basophilic Leukemia cells reorganize their actin cytoskeleton during activation. This dynamic actin remodeling, involving disassembly and reassembly, is crucial for orchestrating immune cell responses like granule secretion.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Immune cell activation depends on a dynamic actin cytoskeleton.
  • The precise mechanisms of actin organization during immune cell activation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic reorganization of the cortical actin network in Rat Basophilic Leukemia (RBL) cells during activation.
  • To elucidate the role of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in mast cell activation.

Main Methods:

  • Advanced microscopy techniques were used to visualize F-actin dynamics in RBL cells.
  • Stimulation of Fcε receptors (FcεR) with IgE antigen was employed to trigger cell activation.

Main Results:

  • Observed symmetry breaking and rapid disassembly of the F-actin cortex upon FcεR stimulation.
  • Identified a reassembly process involving nanoscale F-actin architectures and Arp2/3 nucleation.
  • Correlated actin network dynamics with myosin-II activity and granule secretion.

Conclusions:

  • RBL cells exhibit orchestrated actin network reorganization during activation.
  • Actin cytoskeleton dynamics, including disassembly and reassembly patterns, are critical for orchestrating mast cell activation and granule secretion.