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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Cholinergic antagonists bind to cholinergic receptors and limit the effects of acetylcholine and other cholinergic agonists. Based on the specific cholinergic receptor affinity, these antagonists are classified as muscarinic or nicotinic. Anticholinergics interrupt parasympathetic innervations while sympathetic innervations remain uninterrupted. Muscarinic antagonists are also called 'muscarinic antagonists', 'antimuscarinics', or 'parasympatholytics'. Nicotinic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 28, 2026

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
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Structure-function relationship between a natural cosmetic active ingredient and the olfactory receptor OR2AT4.

L Verzeaux1, S Richer1, J Viguier1

  • 1SILAB R&D Department, Brive, France.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a natural molecule from coconut flour that stimulates skin cell migration by activating the olfactory receptor OR2AT4. This discovery offers a new avenue for cosmetic ingredients promoting skin repair and epithelialization.

Keywords:
NMR/FTIR/MASS spectroscopyclaim substantiation in vivo/in vitromolecular modellingolfactory receptorskin physiology/structure

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and Molecular Biology
  • Cosmetic Science
  • Olfactory Receptor Research

Background:

  • The olfactory receptor OR2AT4 plays a role in epidermal renewal.
  • No cosmetic active ingredients are known to activate OR2AT4.
  • Stimulating keratinocyte migration is crucial for skin repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify a natural molecule that binds to OR2AT4.
  • To investigate the molecule's ability to stimulate keratinocyte migration.
  • To explore potential cosmetic applications for skin regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Extraction of natural molecules from Cocos nucifera flour.
  • In vitro evaluation of extract efficacy on keratinocyte migration.
  • Identification of molecules using UPLC-MS/MS and molecular docking.

Main Results:

  • Cocos nucifera flour extract significantly enhanced keratinocyte migration via OR2AT4.
  • Butyl 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside was identified as a key active molecule.
  • Molecular docking confirmed butyl 4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside interaction with OR2AT4.

Conclusions:

  • A natural molecule from Cocos nucifera flour interacts with OR2AT4.
  • This interaction promotes keratinocyte migration and epithelialization.
  • Highlights a novel natural ingredient for cosmetic applications in skin repair.