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Related Concept Videos

Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

25.1K
Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
25.1K
Weak Acid Solutions04:02

Weak Acid Solutions

43.0K
Few compounds act as strong acids. A far greater number of compounds behave as weak acids and only partially react with water, leaving a large majority of dissolved molecules in their original form and generating a relatively small amount of hydronium ions. Weak acids are commonly encountered in nature, being the substances partly responsible for the tangy taste of citrus fruits, the stinging sensation of insect bites, and the unpleasant smells associated with body odor. A familiar example of a...
43.0K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base01:08

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Weak Base

4.9K
Weak acids and bases do not undergo dissociation completely, and titrations between these two are rarely studied. When such studies are performed, say, for the titration of a weak acid with a weak base, the titration curve plots the change in pH as a function of the volume of base added. Take the titration of acetic acid with ammonia, for instance. During the titration, these two species form ammonium acetate and water, but the pH change is slow and gradual.
As a result, there is no simple...
4.9K
Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base03:55

Titration Calculations: Weak Acid - Strong Base

49.2K
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base
For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
49.2K
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base01:30

Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

4.5K
In titrating a weak acid with a strong base, different calculation methods are applied at various stages. Initially, the pH of a weak acid like acetic acid is calculated using its dissociation constant (Ka) and an ICE table. Upon addition of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, a buffer forms, and its pH is determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. As more base is added and the titration reaches the halfway point, the pH becomes equal to the pKa of the acid, indicating equal...
4.5K
Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid01:20

Titration of a Weak Base with a Strong Acid

8.9K
The titration curve of a weak base like ammonia with a strong acid like hydrochloric acid is the mirror image of the titration curve of a weak acid with a strong base.
Using the ICE table and substituting the Kb value, we calculate the initial pH of 50 mL of 0.1 M ammonia to be 11.11. Addition of 25 mL of 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to this solution of ammonia results in a buffer with an equal concentration of ammonia and ammonium ions. The pH of this buffer can be calculated by substituting these...
8.9K

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A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
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Perioperatively Acquired Weakness.

Gunnar Lachmann1,2, Rudolf Mörgeli1, Sophia Kuenz1

  • 1From the Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Anesthesia and Analgesia
|March 12, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perioperative muscle weakness is common in older adults, affecting handgrip strength and functional status for up to three months post-surgery. This study highlights the need to address this weakness in surgical patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Surgical Complications
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Intensive care unit-acquired weakness is a known complication in critical illness.
  • Perioperative muscle weakness has not been extensively studied.
  • This study investigates muscle function changes around the time of surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate perioperative muscle weakness in older adults undergoing surgery.
  • To assess changes in handgrip strength and functional status.
  • To determine the duration of post-operative muscle weakness.

Main Methods:

  • Subgroup analysis of a prospective observational trial.
  • Assessed 59 patients aged 65+ for handgrip strength and functional status.
  • Evaluated patients preoperatively, post-operatively, at ICU discharge, hospital discharge, and 3-month follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Handgrip strength decreased by 16.4% on postoperative day 1 (P < .001).
  • Respiratory muscle function and functional status also significantly decreased post-surgery.
  • Muscle weakness and functional impairment persisted up to 3 months post-discharge.

Conclusions:

  • Perioperative muscle weakness is a significant complication in older surgical patients.
  • Decreased handgrip strength, respiratory function, and functional status were observed.
  • Weakness can persist for at least 3 months, impacting recovery.