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Natural Occurrence of Fumonisins in Rice with Fusarium Sheath Rot Disease
H K Abbas1, R D Cartwright2, W T Shier3
1USDA-ARS, SWSL, Stoneville, MS 38776.
Plant Disease
|March 13, 2019
Summary
Fumonisins, mycotoxins produced by Fusarium, were detected in U.S. rice for the first time. Contamination was highest in rice hulls, with lower levels in brown rice and undetectable amounts in white rice.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Food Safety
- Mycology
Background:
- Fusarium sheath rot, caused by Fusarium proliferatum, is a plant disease affecting rice (Oryza sativa).
- Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, posing potential health risks.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the presence and levels of fumonisins (FB1, FB2, FB3) in naturally contaminated rice samples from the United States.
- To compare analytical methods for fumonisin detection in rice.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 20 rough rice samples from Arkansas and Texas using HPLC and ELISA.
- Extraction with three different solvents.
- Confirmation of fumonisin presence using fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry.
Main Results:
- Forty percent of rice samples tested positive for fumonisin B1 (FB1) up to 4.3 μg/g by HPLC and 3.6 μg/g by ELISA.
- Fumonisins B2 (FB2) and B3 (FB3) were also detected in positive samples.
- Fumonisins were concentrated in rice hulls (up to 16.8 μg/g), with lower levels in brown rice (up to 0.9 μg/g) and undetectable in white rice.
Conclusions:
- This study reports the first instance of naturally occurring fumonisin contamination in rice in the United States.
- Rice processing, specifically milling, significantly reduces fumonisin levels, concentrating them in hulls and bran.
Keywords:
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