Emergency communication systems effectiveness in an airport environment

Since 2010 there have been at least 25 reported events that necessitated the evacuation of at least one full terminal of an airport. To facilitate the evacuation of the large number of passengers required, it is critical that airports install a properly designed emergency communications system (ECS). This paper discusses the key factors driving the design and operation of alarm systems in airport passenger terminal buildings. The technical requirements for passenger notification per the applicable codes and standards are discussed as well as the proper strategy for messaging and facilitating passenger evacuation. The paper discusses the various options for audible notification (including siren type alarms, pre-recorded announcements and live announcements) and visible notification (including strobes, exit signage and dynamic signage) and the impact of airport staff actions on facilitating evacuation. The paper concludes that a properly designed ECS incorporating verbal directive messaging may be most effective, with consideration being given to whether to augment this with enhanced visible notification. Perhaps equally important is developing standard operating procedures for assigning non-rescue-oriented airport staff with the responsibility to pay attention to and act upon ECS notification to provide direction to passengers and aid in facilitating evacuation.