Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 28, 2026
06:20
Author Spotlight: Advancing VRL Diagnosis Using Cell-Free DNA Extraction from Vitreous Humor
Published on: January 12, 2024
2.6K
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: prevalence, impact, and management challenges
Ramesh Venkatesh1, Bharathi Bavaharan1, Padmamalini Mahendradas2
1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, Bengaluru - 560010, India, vramesh80@yahoo.com.
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)
|March 13, 2019
Summary
Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare eye cancer that can spread to the brain. Early diagnosis using advanced imaging and reliable tests, combined with systemic chemotherapy and local treatments, improves survival for PVRL patients.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Oncology
- Neurology
Background:
- Primary vitreoretinal lymphoma (PVRL) is a rare, aggressive intraocular malignancy.
- PVRL often presents mimicking chronic uveitis, complicating diagnosis.
- Over half of PVRL cases progress to involve the central nervous system (CNS).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review diagnostic modalities for PVRL.
- To discuss treatment strategies and outcomes for PVRL.
- To highlight the association between PVRL and CNS involvement.
Main Methods:
- Review of advanced imaging techniques (OCT, fundus autofluorescence).
- Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of histology, immunohistochemistry, molecular tests, and IL-10 analysis.
- Analysis of treatment outcomes for local and systemic therapies.
Main Results:
- Advanced imaging aids in PVRL diagnosis.
- Histology, immunohistochemistry, molecular tests, and IL-10 analysis are reliable diagnostic tools.
- Systemic chemotherapy combined with local therapies (intravitreal injections, radiotherapy) improves survival and controls intraocular disease.
Conclusions:
- PVRL requires prompt and accurate diagnosis due to its high mortality and CNS involvement risk.
- Multimodal diagnostic approaches are crucial for effective PVRL management.
- Integrated treatment strategies, including systemic and local therapies, are essential for improving patient outcomes and survival rates.
Related Concept Videos
01:08Prevalence and Incidence
1.8K
In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
Prevalence indicates the proportion of individuals in a population who have a specific disease or health...
1.8K
01:19Impact of Groups on Groups
239
Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
239
01:30Impact
487
Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
When particles with different initial velocities collide, they induce deformation by applying equal and opposite impulses. At the point of maximum deformation, the particles move together with...
487
01:19Impact Loading
687
Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
In cases of elastic deformation,...
In cases of elastic deformation,...
687
01:30Types of Impact
1.0K
Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
The coefficient of restitution is a metric for understanding the dynamics of impacts. It quantifies the ratio of relative velocity...
The coefficient of restitution is a metric for understanding the dynamics of impacts. It quantifies the ratio of relative velocity...
1.0K
01:26Impact: Problem Solving
452
In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
By designating the launch point as the origin and utilizing kinematic equations, the vertical component of the projectile's velocity at the point of impact is...
452