Associations between Orofacial Clefting and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

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Cody L Mullens1,2, Ian L McCulloch1, Kristen M Hardy1

  • 1West Virginia University, School of Medicine.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|March 13, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) have a higher prevalence of orofacial clefting (OFC). This includes isolated cleft lip and palate, linked to in-utero opioid exposure.

Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial development
  • Neonatal health
  • Public health

Background:

  • Orofacial clefting (OFC) is a common birth defect with unknown causes.
  • Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) affects infants exposed to narcotics in utero.
  • The link between NAS and OFC requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of OFC in infants diagnosed with NAS.
  • To investigate the association between NAS and the occurrence of OFC.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study analyzed live births between 2013 and 2017.
  • The study identified and compared rates of OFC in infants with and without NAS.

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of OFC was significantly higher in infants with NAS (6.79 per 1,000) compared to the general population (1.63 per 1,000).
  • Infants with NAS showed increased odds of OFC, particularly isolated cleft palate and isolated cleft lip.
  • In-utero exposure to prescribed opioids was a significant factor associated with NAS and OFC.

Conclusions:

  • Infants with NAS exhibit a higher incidence of orofacial clefting.
  • Isolated cleft lip and palate are notably more common in NAS infants.
  • In-utero opioid exposure is linked to increased OFC risk in infants with NAS.
Abstract

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