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Citrus Blight Found in Yucatan, Mexico.

H K Wutscher1, A Cervantes H2, K S Derrick3

  • 1USDA, ARS, Horticultural Research Laboratory, 2120 Camden Rd., Orlando, FL 32803.

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Citrus blight, a serious tree decline disease, has been identified in Mexico for the first time. This study details diagnostic methods and explains how specific rootstock choices may have contributed to its emergence in the region.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Horticultural Science
  • Agronomy

Background:

  • Citrus blight is a significant tree decline disease affecting citrus production in humid regions globally.
  • The disease, of unknown etiology, lacks reliable visual diagnostic symptoms, necessitating laboratory testing.
  • Historically, citrus blight has not been reported in Mexico, despite its presence in other major citrus-growing areas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the presence of citrus blight in Mexico using established diagnostic methods.
  • To investigate the potential factors contributing to the emergence of citrus blight in Mexican citrus orchards.
  • To correlate diagnostic test results with observed tree symptoms and horticultural practices.

Main Methods:

  • Water injection tests to assess trunk water uptake capacity.
  • Analysis of zinc and potassium concentrations in outer trunk wood.
  • Immunological testing for specific citrus blight-associated proteins in leaves.
  • Correlation of diagnostic findings with visual symptoms and rootstock information.

Main Results:

  • Declining trees in Yucatan, Mexico, exhibited significantly lower water uptake compared to healthy trees.
  • Wood analysis revealed elevated potassium levels and, in one location, increased zinc in declining trees.
  • Leaf samples from declining trees tested positive for specific blight proteins, confirming disease presence.
  • Visual symptoms observed in Mexican trees mirrored those of citrus blight in Florida and Cuba.

Conclusions:

  • Citrus blight is confirmed to be present in Mexico, specifically in the Yucatan region.
  • Climatic conditions (dryness) and the use of susceptible rootstocks (Cleopatra mandarin and Volkamer lemon) are likely factors in the disease's emergence.
  • Changes in rootstock to mitigate tristeza virus disease inadvertently increased susceptibility to citrus blight.