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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Conductivity01:13

Electrical Conductivity

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In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, any residual charge resides on the surface.
In a practical conductor, an applied electric field may be sustained, causing a flow of electrons, which produce a current. The differential form of the current, the current density, is related to the electric field.
More generally, it is related to the force per unit charge, which involves the...
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Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates01:16

Electric Field of Parallel Conducting Plates

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Gauss' law relates the electric flux through a closed surface to the net charge enclosed by that surface. Gauss's law can be applied to find the electric field and the charge enclosed in a region depending on its charge distribution.
Consider a cross-section of a thin, infinite conducting plate having a positive charge. For such a large thin plate, as the thickness of the plate tends to zero, the positive charges lie on the plate's two large faces. Without an external electric field, the...
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Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

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Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
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Resistance and Conductance01:25

Resistance and Conductance

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A conductor's DC resistance at a given temperature is influenced by its resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is an inherent property of the conductor material, with annealed copper serving as the international standard for measurement. For instance, the resistivity of hard-drawn aluminum at 20 degrees Celsius is 61% of the standard conductivity of annealed copper.
Various factors impact the resistance of a conductor. Spiraling in stranded conductors increases their...
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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Fabrication of Small Caliber Stent-grafts Using Electrospinning and Balloon Expandable Bare Metal Stents
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Electrical Conductance Device for Stent Sizing.

Ghassan S Kassab1

  • 1California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, United States.

Frontiers in Physiology
|March 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new conductance catheter offers an easy, accurate, and cost-effective method for real-time minimum stent area (MSA) measurement. This device provides a reliable alternative to intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) for assessing stent sizing and predicting cardiovascular events.

Keywords:
conductance catheterdiameterdrug eluting stentslumen sizingminimum stent area

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Devices
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Minimum Stent Area (MSA) is a key predictor of restenosis, thrombosis, and ischemia.
  • Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) is the current standard for MSA measurement but is costly and complex.
  • There is a need for a more accessible and objective method for real-time MSA determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate the accuracy of a conductance catheter for real-time stent sizing.
  • To introduce an objective and cost-effective alternative to IVUS for MSA measurement.

Main Methods:

  • A conductance catheter passed a 10 kHz, 35 μA rms current through external electrodes.
  • Conductance was measured across separate electrodes to determine MSA.
  • Validation was performed using phantoms and ex vivo porcine carotid arteries.

Main Results:

  • The conductance catheter demonstrated excellent accuracy in phantoms (3.4% rms error) and ex vivo vessels (3.2% rms error).
  • A conductance offset was observed for conductive stents, differing from drug-eluting or bioresorbable stents.
  • The device enables easy, accurate, and reproducible real-time measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The conductance catheter is a viable, accurate, and objective alternative to IVUS for real-time MSA measurement.
  • This technology offers a less expensive and more accessible approach to stent sizing.
  • Improved stent sizing can lead to better prediction and management of cardiovascular events.