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Related Concept Videos

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Pathophysiology of Diabetes

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Diabetes in developing countries.

Anoop Misra1,2,3, Hema Gopalan1, Ranil Jayawardena4

  • 1National-Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation, Safdarjung Development Area, New Delhi, India.

Journal of Diabetes
|March 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising in developing nations, disproportionately affecting certain ethnic groups. Innovative, low-cost strategies are crucial for prevention and management amid significant healthcare challenges.

Keywords:
Indiadeveloping countriesdiabetesmanagement of diabetesprediabetesprevention印度发展中国家糖尿病糖尿病前期糖尿病管理预防

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is rapidly increasing in developing countries.
  • Significant variations exist in T2D prevalence based on habitat (rural vs. urban) and ethnicity, with certain groups developing the condition earlier and at lower BMIs.
  • Complications, including macro- and microvascular issues, and syndemics with HIV and tuberculosis, pose substantial burdens.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges and opportunities in type 2 diabetes prevention and management in developing countries.
  • To highlight the impact of urbanization, ethnicity, and co-existing conditions on T2D.
  • To explore potential solutions for improving T2D care and outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on T2D epidemiology, risk factors, and management in developing nations.
  • Analysis of challenges including cost of diagnostics, healthcare workforce scarcity, and patient-related factors like delayed treatment seeking and fatalistic attitudes.
  • Examination of innovative, low-cost interventions.

Main Results:

  • Screening may not be cost-effective universally, but targeted high-risk screening is viable.
  • Poor quality of care, delayed treatment, and medication accessibility are major barriers.
  • Low-cost interventions, such as utilizing allied health professionals and mobile health technologies, show promise.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent political commitment for health promotion and disease prevention is essential for addressing the T2D epidemic.
  • Innovative, cost-effective strategies are critical for improving T2D prevention and management in resource-limited settings.
  • Leveraging technology and non-traditional healthcare workers can enhance T2D care delivery.