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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization01:37

Eukaryotic Compartmentalization

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Eukaryotic Compartmentalizations01:46

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One of the distinguishing features of eukaryotic cells is that they contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus and mitochondria, that carry out specialized functions. Since biological membranes are only selectively permeable to solutes, they help create a compartment with controlled conditions inside an organelle. These microenvironments are tailored to the organelle's specific functions and help isolate them from the surrounding cytosol.
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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier
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Bioactive Patchy Nanoparticles with Compartmentalized Cargoes for Simultaneous and Trackable Delivery.

Chin Ken Wong1, Fan Chen1, Andreas Walther2

  • 1Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|March 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed strategies to selectively load two different molecules into specific compartments of patchy nanoparticles. This advancement enables targeted drug delivery with real-time release monitoring, overcoming previous limitations in nanoparticle applications.

Keywords:
FRETcolloidal nanoclustersmulticompartment micellespatchy particlestriblock copolymers

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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications
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Injectable Supramolecular Polymer-Nanoparticle Hydrogels for Cell and Drug Delivery Applications

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer chemistry
  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials science

Background:

  • ABC triblock terpolymers are increasingly used for assembling multicompartment patchy nanoparticles.
  • Current applications of polymer-based patchy nanoparticles are limited due to challenges in selective cargo encapsulation.
  • Precise control over nanoscale compartmentalization is crucial for unlocking the full potential of these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate strategies for selectively encapsulating two distinct chemical molecules within different compartments of patchy nanoparticles.
  • To investigate the use of patchy nanoparticles with a bioactive sugar corona for targeted cargo delivery.
  • To showcase the capability of these engineered nanoparticles for simultaneous drug delivery and real-time release monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized ABC triblock terpolymers for the bottom-up assembly of multicompartment patchy nanoparticles.
  • Developed methods to segregate two chemically distinct molecules into either the core or patch compartments.
  • Incorporated a bioactive sugar corona onto the nanoparticles to enhance their functionality.
  • Demonstrated simultaneous drug delivery and real-time release monitoring using the compartmentalized nanoparticles.

Main Results:

  • Successfully segregated two chemically distinct molecules within the core and patch compartments of the nanoparticles.
  • Engineered bioactive patchy nanoparticles with a sugar corona capable of carrying compartmentalized cargoes.
  • Demonstrated the potential for simultaneous delivery of multiple payloads.
  • Validated the real-time monitoring of cargo release from the nanoparticle system.

Conclusions:

  • Achieved selective encapsulation of distinct molecules in nanoscale compartments of patchy nanoparticles.
  • Developed functionalized nanoparticles with potential for advanced drug delivery systems.
  • Highlighted the utility of these nanoparticles for simultaneous drug delivery and real-time release monitoring, expanding their application scope.