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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

911
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Resistivity01:22

Resistivity

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When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The current density that results depends on the electrical field and the properties of the material. In some materials, including metals at a given temperature, the current density is approximately proportional to the electrical field. In these cases, the current density can be modeled as:
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Resistance01:19

Resistance

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When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known as the resistance of the material and is represented by R. Every material has its own resistance. In the case of conductors, heat is emitted whenever a current passes through them. Resistance depends on the resistivity of the material. Resistivity is a characteristic of the material used to fabricate electrical components, whereas the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

1.0K
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
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The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

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An update on multidrug-resistant tuberculosis .

Mirae Park1, Giovanni Satta2, Onn Min Kon3,4

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|March 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant global health threat. Advances in diagnostics like whole genome sequencing and new treatments offer improved outcomes for MDR-TB patients.

Keywords:
GeneXpertMDRTuberculosismultidrug resistantwhole genome sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health concern, with millions of new cases annually.
  • Rifampicin-resistant and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) present significant challenges due to poorer outcomes and treatment difficulties.
  • MDR-TB constitutes a serious public health issue, necessitating improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global and national burden of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB).
  • To discuss advancements in diagnostic technologies for TB and drug resistance.
  • To review current and emerging treatment options for MDR-TB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global and national tuberculosis incidence and drug resistance data.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methodologies including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and whole genome sequencing (WGS).
  • Analysis of current treatment regimens and newly approved drugs for MDR-TB.

Main Results:

  • In 2017, 558,000 of 10 million TB cases were rifampicin-resistant, with 82% being MDR-TB.
  • England recorded 5,102 TB cases, including 55 cases (1.8%) of MDR-TB.
  • Whole genome sequencing shows promise for faster diagnosis and improved contact tracing compared to standard methods.

Conclusions:

  • MDR-TB poses a severe public health challenge requiring urgent attention.
  • New diagnostic tools like WGS can enhance TB diagnosis and patient management.
  • Emerging treatments, including bedaquiline and delamanid, alongside shorter regimens, offer improved therapeutic options for MDR-TB.