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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

52.8K
Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Target Cell Pre-enrichment and Whole Genome Amplification for Single Cell Downstream Characterization
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Target Cell Pre-enrichment and Whole Genome Amplification for Single Cell Downstream Characterization

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Single-Cell Genomics.

Carmela Paolillo1, Eric Londin2, Paolo Fortina3,4

  • 1Division of Precision and Computational Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Clinical Chemistry
|March 16, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Single-cell genomics reveals cellular diversity and molecular features for improved clinical outcomes. This powerful approach overcomes limitations of bulk tissue analysis, offering new insights in various biological fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Single-cell genomics investigates cellular heterogeneity and identifies molecular features linked to clinical outcomes.
  • It enables detailed analysis of cell diversity without information loss from bulk tissue samples.

Observation:

  • The first single-cell RNA-sequencing study was published in 2009.
  • Numerous single-cell sequencing studies have since impacted microbiology, neurobiology, cancer, and developmental biology.
  • Enhanced reliability and commercial platforms are expanding single-cell technology's clinical laboratory potential.

Findings:

  • Single-cell genomics provides a comprehensive view of cellular complexity.
  • Advances in single-cell sequencing methods have broadened research applications.
  • Commercialization is driving the adoption of single-cell genomics in clinical settings.

Implications:

  • This technology offers new opportunities for clinical research and medical applications.
  • It facilitates the discovery of novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
  • Single-cell genomics promises to personalize medicine through a deeper understanding of individual cellular variations.