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Tumour biomarkers-Tracing the molecular function and clinical implication.

Jiahao Lin1, Lie Ma2, Di Zhang1

  • 1The Clinical Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.

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Summary

Early cancer detection using biomarkers in body fluids is crucial for reducing mortality. Detecting microRNAs, ctDNAs, proteins, exosomes, and CTCs aids in precise diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment efficacy.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Cancer metastasis significantly increases mortality rates.
  • Precision medicine necessitates early and accurate cancer diagnosis.
  • Detecting tumor biomarkers in bodily fluids offers a minimally invasive diagnostic approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss recent advancements in tumor biomarker research.
  • To evaluate the biological functions and clinical applications of various biomarkers.
  • To highlight the role of biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, classification, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of updated research on tumor biomarkers.
  • Overview of biological functions of microRNAs (miRNAs), circulating tumor DNAs (ctDNAs), proteins, exosomes, and circulating tumor cells (CTCs).
  • Evaluation of biomarker roles in diagnosis, classification, prognosis, therapy response prediction, and treatment monitoring.

Main Results:

  • Biomarkers like miRNAs, ctDNAs, proteins, exosomes, and CTCs offer diverse options for early tumor detection before metastasis.
  • Combined detection of multiple biomarkers may enhance diagnostic accuracy with minimal molecular combinations.
  • Tumor biomarkers provide valuable insights for anti-cancer treatment strategies and efficacy monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging tumor biomarkers are vital for precise early cancer diagnosis and management.
  • Combination biomarker analysis promises improved accuracy in early tumor detection.
  • Biomarkers are instrumental in guiding clinical treatment decisions and monitoring therapeutic response.