Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Chemical Formulas

Chemical Formulas

A chemical formula presents information about the proportions of atoms constituting a particular chemical compound or molecule, mainly using symbols of elements and numbers. At times other symbols, such as dashes, parentheses, brackets, commas, plus, and minus signs, are also used. A chemical formula can be one of three types – molecular, empirical, and structural.

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Ionic Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.

Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Molecular Compounds: Formulas and Nomenclature

Molecular compounds or covalent compounds result when atoms share electrons to form covalent bonds. Since there is no electron transfer, molecular compounds do not contain ions; instead, they consist of discrete, neutral molecules.

Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula

Experimental Determination of Chemical Formula

The elemental makeup of a compound defines its chemical identity, and chemical formulas are the most concise way of representing this elemental makeup. When a compound’s formula is unknown, measuring the mass of its constituent elements is often the first step in determining the formula experimentally.

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

Formula Mass and Mole Concepts of Compounds

Formula Mass of Covalent Compounds

Distribution and Dispersion

Distribution and Dispersion

To understand intra-specific interactions in populations, scientists measure the spatial arrangement of species individuals. This geographic arrangement is known as the species distribution or dispersion. Highly territorial species exhibit a uniform distribution pattern, in which individuals are spaced at relatively equal distances from one another. Species that are highly tied to particular resources, such as food or shelter, tend to concentrate around those resources, and thus exhibit a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Kerr-lens mode-locking of an Yb:SrF<sub>2</sub> laser generating 37 fs pulses.

Optics express·2026

Same author

SESAM mode-locking of a diode-pumped Yb:Ca<sub>3</sub>TaGa<sub>3</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>14</sub> laser.

Optics express·2026

Same author

Efficient high-power Yb:LuAG Innoslab ultrafast amplifier compressible to 360 fs.

Optics letters·2025

Same author

Power scaling of a non-resonant optical parametric oscillator based on periodically poled LiNbO<sub>3</sub> with spectral narrowing.

Optics express·2025

Same author

Watt-level, 1.6 ps χ<sup>(2)</sup>-lens mode-locking of an in-band pumped Nd:LuVO<sub>4</sub> laser.

Optics express·2025

Same author

Sub-40-fs diode-pumped ytterbium-doped mixed rare-earth calcium oxoborate laser.

Optics express·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Quantitative Real-Time PCR using the Thermo Scientific Solaris qPCR Assay

Quantitative Real-Time PCR using the Thermo Scientific Solaris qPCR Assay

Published on: June 17, 2010

Thermo-optic dispersion formula for LiGaS₂.

Kiyoshi Kato, Nobuhiro Umemura, Ludmila Isaenko

|March 16, 2019

Summary

Researchers investigated lithium gallium disulfide (LiGaS2) for nonlinear optics. New data shows its temperature-dependent phase-matching properties for frequency conversion across a wide spectral range, aiding material selection for lasers.

More Related Videos

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

LED Thermo Flow — Combining Optogenetics with Flow Cytometry

LED Thermo Flow — Combining Optogenetics with Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 30, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Quantitative Real-Time PCR using the Thermo Scientific Solaris qPCR Assay

Quantitative Real-Time PCR using the Thermo Scientific Solaris qPCR Assay

Published on: June 17, 2010

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Formation of Dispersible Taohong Siwu Tablets

Published on: February 3, 2023

LED Thermo Flow — Combining Optogenetics with Flow Cytometry

LED Thermo Flow — Combining Optogenetics with Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 30, 2016

Area of Science:

Nonlinear Optics
Solid-State Materials Science

Background:

Lithium gallium disulfide (LiGaS2) is a nonlinear optical crystal.
Understanding its temperature-dependent phase-matching is crucial for optimizing frequency conversion applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To experimentally determine the temperature-dependent phase-matching properties of LiGaS2.
To develop a thermo-optic dispersion formula for LiGaS2.

Main Methods:

Experimental measurements of phase-matching in LiGaS2.
Development and validation of a thermo-optic dispersion formula.

Main Results:

Detailed experimental data on LiGaS2 phase-matching for second-harmonic and sum-frequency generation.
A new thermo-optic dispersion formula accurately reproduces experimental findings.

Conclusions:

LiGaS2 exhibits useful temperature-dependent phase-matching properties for nonlinear optical applications.
The developed dispersion formula enhances the predictive capability for LiGaS2-based devices.