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Molecular Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens: First Report from Nepal

Prabhu Raj Joshi1, Rapee Thummeepak2, Saroj Paudel1

  • 11 Nepalese Farming Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Microbial Drug Resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|March 16, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Colistin resistance in chickens is spreading in Nepal due to the mcr-1 gene in E. coli. This finding highlights a significant threat to both poultry farming and public health.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance
  • Food Safety

Background:

  • The spread of the mcr-1 gene confers colistin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, posing a critical challenge to poultry, livestock, and public health.
  • Colistin is a crucial last-resort antibiotic for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in broiler chickens in Nepal.
  • To identify the presence of the mcr-1 gene and associated resistance determinants in these isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Surveillance of colistin-resistant E. coli from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens across seven farms in Nepal.
  • Antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of resistance genes (mcr-1, blaCTX-M, etc.), phylogenetic analysis, and plasmid replicon typing.
  • Conjugation experiments to assess the transferability of resistance genes.

Main Results:

  • 22.8% of isolated E. coli (27/118) were resistant to colistin and harbored the mcr-1 gene.
  • Resistant isolates were predominantly phylo-group A (70.37%) and showed high co-resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.
  • The mcr-1 gene was not transferable via conjugation, suggesting chromosomal location, and co-existed with other resistance genes (tet, sul, qnr, dfr, blaCTX-M).

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the dissemination of mcr-1 carrying E. coli in Nepalese chicken farms, indicating a significant public health risk.
  • Co-resistance to multiple antibiotics and the presence of ESBL-producing isolates are concerning.
  • Urgent surveillance and control measures are needed to mitigate the threat of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain.
Keywords:
Inc typescolistin resistancedrug resistance genesphylo-group

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