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Cavitating Flow through a Micro-Orifice.

Zhi-Jiang Jin1, Zhi-Xin Gao2,3, Xiao-Juan Li4

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Hydrodynamic cavitation in micro-orifices harms microfluidic systems. Increasing exit pressure or the l/d ratio can prevent or reduce this harmful cavitation.

Keywords:
cavitationcomputational fluid dynamics (CFD)micro-orificemicrochannelmicrofluidic system

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Cavitation Physics

Background:

  • Microfluidic systems are rapidly advancing.
  • Micro-orifices are common structures within these systems.
  • Hydrodynamic cavitation within micro-orifices is a detrimental phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cavitating flow through rectangular micro-orifices.
  • To analyze the impact of pressure difference and micro-orifice geometry on cavitation.
  • To identify conditions for preventing or mitigating cavitation.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of cavitating flow.
  • Utilized rectangular micro-orifices with varying length-to-diameter (l/d) ratios (0.25 to 4).
  • Varied pressure differences from 50 to 300 kPa.

Main Results:

  • Cavitation intensity increases with pressure difference.
  • Decreasing exit pressure reduces the cavitation number; increasing exit pressure prevents cavitation.
  • Vapor cavity size correlates with pressure difference and l/d ratio.
  • Cavitation inception pressure ratio is 1.8 for l/d > 0.5.
  • Cavitation number stabilizes for l/d > 2 and differs significantly based on whether l/d is greater than 1.

Conclusions:

  • Cavitation in micro-orifices is controllable via pressure and geometry.
  • Understanding these parameters is crucial for designing robust microfluidic devices.
  • The l/d ratio significantly influences cavitation behavior, especially around l/d = 1.