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Related Concept Videos

Toroids01:27

Toroids

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A toroid is a closely wound donut-shaped coil constructed using a single  conducting wire. In general, it is assumed that a toriod consists of  multiple circular loops perpendicular to its axis.
When connected to a supply, the magnetic field generated in the toroid has field lines circular and concentric to its axis. Conventionally, the direction of this magnetic field is expressed using the right-hand rule. If the fingers of the right hand curl in the current direction, the thumb points in...
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Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

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The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Convolution Properties I01:20

Convolution Properties I

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Convolution computations can be simplified by utilizing their inherent properties.
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Properties of DTFT II01:24

Properties of DTFT II

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In the study of discrete-time signal processing, understanding the properties of the Discrete-Time Fourier Transform (DTFT) is crucial for analyzing and manipulating signals in the frequency domain. Several properties, including frequency differentiation, convolution, accumulation, and Parseval's relation, offer powerful tools for signal analysis.
The frequency differentiation property is illustrated by considering a DTFT pair and differentiating both sides with respect to ω.
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Properties of the z-Transform I01:17

Properties of the z-Transform I

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The z-transform is a fundamental tool in digital signal processing, enabling the analysis of discrete-time systems through its various properties. It is an invaluable tool for analyzing discrete-time systems, offering a range of properties that simplify complex signal manipulations. One fundamental property is linearity. For any two discrete-time signals, the z-transform of their linear combination equals the same linear combination of their individual z-transforms. This property is essential...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers
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Simulation, Fabrication and Characterization of THz Metamaterial Absorbers

Published on: December 27, 2012

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Terahertz toroidal metamaterial with tunable properties.

Zhengyong Song, Yide Deng, Yuanguo Zhou

    Optics Express
    |March 17, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    We developed a tunable metamodulator for terahertz frequencies using vanadium dioxide

    Area of Science:

    • Metamaterials and Nanophotonics
    • Terahertz Science and Technology
    • Condensed Matter Physics

    Background:

    • Terahertz (THz) frequencies offer unique properties for advanced applications.
    • Metamaterials provide novel ways to manipulate electromagnetic waves.
    • Vanadium dioxide (VO2) exhibits temperature-dependent conductivity, enabling tunable devices.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and numerically demonstrate a tunable metamodulator operating at THz frequencies.
    • To investigate the toroidal dipolar resonance in a planar metamaterial structure.
    • To explore the potential of VO2's conductivity for THz modulation.

    Main Methods:

    • Numerical simulations were performed to analyze the metamaterial structure.
    • The dependency of toroidal dipolar resonance on VO2 conductivity was investigated.

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  • The formation of toroidal dipole was validated by analyzing current distribution.

    • Main Results:

    • A toroidal dipolar resonance was observed around 0.288 THz in the transmission spectrum.
    • The resonance is tunable due to the conductivity changes in VO2.
    • Anti-phase current distribution confirmed the toroidal dipole formation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed planar structure demonstrates tunable terahertz modulation.
    • The design leverages the unique properties of VO2 for resonance control.
    • Potential applications include THz filters, plasmonic sensors, and fast switches.