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[Cutaneous leishmaniasis].

¹Faculté de médecine de Tunis, université Al Manar 2, service de dermatologie, hôpital La Rabta, rue Jabbari-Bab Saadoun, 1007 Tunis, Tunisie.

Annales De Dermatologie Et De Venereologie

|March 19, 2019

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Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic skin infection spread by sand-flies, affecting people globally. While it often resolves on its own, antimony compounds remain the standard treatment despite toxicity concerns.

Area of Science:

Parasitology
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania parasites, transmitted by Phlebotomus sand-flies.
Reservoirs include rodents and dogs, with global distribution across the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Africa.
Epidemiology is influenced by environmental, migratory, and climatic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of cutaneous leishmaniasis, covering its transmission, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment.
To highlight the importance of understanding the parasite's life cycle and host-parasite interactions.
To discuss current therapeutic strategies and their limitations.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Leishmania parasites and leishmaniasis.

Keywords:

Cutaneous leishmaniasis Diffuse leishmaniasis Leishmaniasis Leishmanie Leishmaniose cutanée Leishmaniose diffuse Leishmaniose muqueuse Leishmaniose post-kala-azar Mucosal leishmaniasis Post-kala-azar leishmaniasis

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Analysis of epidemiological data and influencing factors.

Examination of clinical presentations and diagnostic classifications based on isoenzymes.

Evaluation of therapeutic options and their efficacy/safety profiles.

Main Results:

Leishmania parasites exist as dimorphic organisms within host cells and as flagellated protozoa in vectors.
Common clinical presentations include crusted, ulcerated nodules, and plaques.
Spontaneous resolution occurs within one month to six years.
Antimony compounds are the standard treatment but require careful monitoring due to toxicity.

Conclusions:

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a complex disease with varied clinical outcomes influenced by parasite virulence and host immunity.
Effective and safe therapeutic options remain limited, emphasizing the need for ongoing research.
Understanding the natural history and treatment challenges is crucial for managing this global health issue.