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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage
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Pneumococcal vaccines.

Anand Manoharan1, Ranjith Jayaraman2

  • 1The CHILDS Trust Medical Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) significantly reduce childhood invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and deaths globally. Continued surveillance of antibiotic resistance in non-vaccine serotypes is crucial for long-term prevention.

Keywords:
Antibiotic-resistant serotypesinvasive pneumococcal diseasepneumococcal vaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes millions of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and nearly a million deaths in children under five annually, particularly in developing nations.
  • Childhood immunocompromising illnesses like HIV increase IPD risk, while rising antibiotic resistance to common treatments complicates management.
  • The majority of IPDs are caused by a limited number of serotypes, making vaccines a viable prevention strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global burden of IPDs and the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in reducing childhood mortality and morbidity.
  • To address the growing concern of antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains and its implications for treatment.
  • To emphasize the role of PCVs, particularly PCV-13, in national immunization programs (NIPs) for developing countries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global incidence data for invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) and associated mortality in children under five.
  • Analysis of the impact of existing and recommended pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) on disease reduction in developed and developing countries.
  • Examination of trends in antibiotic resistance among invasive pneumococcal strains and the implications for vaccine efficacy and treatment.

Main Results:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have substantially decreased IPD incidence in developed countries.
  • PCV-10 and PCV-13 are recommended by WHO for NIPs in developing countries, with PCV-13 showing promise in reducing morbidity, mortality, and antibiotic-resistant strains.
  • The introduction of PCV-13 in five Indian states aims to further combat high rates of pneumococcal disease.

Conclusions:

  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are critical tools for reducing childhood mortality and morbidity from invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs).
  • Ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in non-vaccine serotypes is essential to prevent resistance resurgence.
  • Further research into non-serotype-specific virulence factors is needed to enhance vaccine strategies against Streptococcus pneumoniae.