Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

Characteristics of Practical Op Amps

A difference amplifier, a crucial component in numerous electronic devices, ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal, which is the difference between two input signals. However, in practical circuits, the output voltage depends on both the differential gain and the common-mode gain.
The ratio of differential gain to the common-mode gain is defined as the common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). This ratio quantifies the ability of operational amplifiers (op-amps) to reject common-mode...

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice

Theories play an essential role in organizing patient care. Theories refer to a proposed or followed belief, policy, or procedure that is the basis for action. Nursing theories are knowledge-based concepts that guide nurses' actions, influence nursing education and practice, and allow nurses to care for their patients.
Theories provide a perspective to assess patients' conditions and organize data and methods. They also assist in analyzing and interpreting information. They represent a...

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers

The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
In a practical transformer, each winding exhibits resistance and leakage reactance. The...

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

Associative Learning

Associative Learning

Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Chronotropic index mediates the relationship between lower-limb loss level and 6-minute walk test performance.

Frontiers in sports and active living·2026

Same author

Visuospatial Working Memory Predicts Strategic Motor Learning With Visual Feedback During Gait After Stroke.

Neurorehabilitation and neural repair·2026

Same author

Higher Heart Rates During Locomotor High-Intensity Interval Training Are Associated With Gait Asymmetry and Fatigue After Stroke.

Cardiopulmonary physical therapy journal·2026

Same author

Predicting Musculoskeletal Adverse Events During Moderate- to High-Intensity Walking Training in Chronic Stroke.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Effects of Belt Accelerations During Push-Off on Propulsion Mechanics in Individuals Post-Stroke.

IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society·2026

Same author

Don't Underestimate Pain on Palpation in the Clinical Exam for Achilles Tendinopathy.

International journal of sports physical therapy·2026

Same journal

Regional Pain is Associated with Functional Performance in People with Parkinson's Disease.

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT·2026

Same journal

Potential Factors Influencing Heart Rates During Locomotor Training Poststroke and Their Associations With Locomotor Outcomes.

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT·2026

Same journal

Response to Group Exercise Outcomes Differ by Baseline Physical Activity in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: An Exploratory Analysis.

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT·2026

Same journal

The Influence of Motor and Nonmotor Factors on Ambulatory Activity in People With Parkinson Disease.

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT·2026

Same journal

A Sensory Adaptation Program for Individuals With Mal de Débarquement Syndrome: A Case Series.

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT·2026

Same journal

Therapeutic Benefits of Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of neurologic physical therapy : JNPT·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Published on: March 11, 2011

Practice Structure and Locomotor Learning After Stroke.

Erin E Helm¹, Ryan T Pohlig, Devina S Kumar

¹Department of Physical Therapy (D.S.R.), Biomechanics and Movement Science Program (E.E.H., D.S.K., D.S.R.), and Biostatistics Core Facility (R.T.P.), University of Delaware, Newark.

Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy : JNPT

|March 19, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Variable practice did not improve adaptation or retention of a novel walking pattern in individuals with chronic stroke. Further research is needed to explore other variable practice methods for stroke recovery.

More Related Videos

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Published on: August 23, 2017

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide

Published on: January 15, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Assaying Locomotor, Learning, and Memory Deficits in Drosophila Models of Neurodegeneration

Published on: March 11, 2011

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Using a Split-belt Treadmill to Evaluate Generalization of Human Locomotor Adaptation

Published on: August 23, 2017

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide

Setting Up a Stroke Team Algorithm and Conducting Simulation-based Training in the Emergency Department - A Practical Guide

Published on: January 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Neurorehabilitation
Motor Learning
Biomechanics

Background:

Optimal learning strategies for post-stroke walking recovery remain undefined.
Task practice characteristics that influence learning of novel locomotor patterns require investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine how constant versus variable practice affects the learning and retention of a novel locomotor pattern in individuals with chronic stroke.
To determine if variable practice enhances adaptation and retention of split-belt treadmill walking.

Main Methods:

Thirty-two individuals with chronic hemiparesis were randomized to constant or variable practice conditions.
Participants completed two 15-minute sessions of split-belt treadmill walking with varying speed ratios.
Locomotor patterns were assessed using step length and limb phase symmetry metrics for adaptation and retention.

Main Results:

Adaptation on day 1 did not differ between constant and variable practice groups for step length or limb phase symmetry.
Retention of the novel walking pattern on day 2 also showed no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions:

Variable practice with alternating split-belt speeds does not appear to influence adaptation or retention of a novel locomotor pattern in chronic stroke survivors.
Further research should explore different variable practice paradigms within other locomotor learning contexts for stroke rehabilitation.