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Related Concept Videos

Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

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Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.
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Encoding01:19

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line01:28

Inductance: Single-Phase And Three-Phase Line

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Understanding the inductance of transmission lines is crucial for efficient design and operation in electrical power systems. This discussion delves into the inductance characteristics of single-phase two-wire and three-phase three-wire transmission lines with equal phase spacing.
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Blood Flow Imaging with Ultrafast Doppler
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A new ultrafast 3D gradient echo-based imaging method using quadratic-phase encoding.

Jae-Kyun Ryu1,2, SoHyun Han3, Se-Hong Oh4

  • 1Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|March 19, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new MRI method, RASE, uses quadratic-phase encoding for faster imaging with better resolution and less artifact. This technique shows promise for advanced applications like dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.

Keywords:
3D imagingDCE-MRIEPIgradient echo imagingquadratic-phase encodingspatiotemporal encodingultrafast imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Physics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Gradient echo echo-planar imaging (GE-EPI) is widely used but suffers from artifacts.
  • Susceptibility-induced signal loss and field inhomogeneity limit GE-EPI performance.
  • There is a need for advanced MRI techniques offering improved resolution and robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce RASE (Quadratic-Phase Encoded Ultrafast Gradient Echo MRI).
  • To evaluate RASE's performance regarding spin behavior, spatial resolution, SNR, and artifact reduction.
  • To assess RASE's feasibility for dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI).

Main Methods:

  • RASE utilizes quadratic-phase encoding in a 3D ultrafast gradient echo sequence.
  • Analytical descriptions of RASE's characteristics were performed.
  • Image acquisition was conducted on phantoms, lemons, and in vivo rat brains at 9.4T.

Main Results:

  • RASE demonstrated robustness to field inhomogeneity in phantom and in vivo rat brain imaging.
  • Quadratic phase contribution to signal enhancement under varying magnetic susceptibilities was confirmed via simulation.
  • RASE showed more accurate Gd concentration estimation than FLASH in preliminary DCE-MRI studies.

Conclusions:

  • RASE offers a shorter effective echo time (TE), reducing sensitivity to field inhomogeneity and T2* effects.
  • RASE significantly reduces Nyquist ghosting and chemical-shift artifacts compared to GE-EPI.
  • RASE is a promising alternative to GE-EPI for applications demanding high spatial/temporal resolution and broad volume coverage.