Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Accountability and Responsibility of a Nurse II01:09

Accountability and Responsibility of a Nurse II

1.1K
Professional accountability in nursing is a multifaceted concept that encompasses professional ethics, legal standards, and employment expectations. This framework ensures that nurses maintain and elevate the quality of care while upholding the values of their profession. It compels them to treat patients, families, and colleagues with respect, compassion, and integrity.
For example, a nurse demonstrating respect and compassion might listen attentively to a patient's concerns, provide...
1.1K
Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

61.9K
The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
61.9K
Accountability and Responsibility of a Nurse I01:30

Accountability and Responsibility of a Nurse I

2.9K
Accountability in nursing is a fundamental principle that underscores the obligation of nurses to take responsibility for their actions and answer for any errors or omissions in patient care. This principle is grounded in the professional, legal, and ethical frameworks that shape nursing practice. For instance, nurses must adhere to all relevant laws, regulations, and practice standards, including guidelines set forth by nursing boards and professional bodies, to ensure their actions comply...
2.9K
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules02:34

Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules

37.4K
The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.
37.4K
Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

55.1K
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
The buffer capacity is the amount of acid or base that can be added to a given volume...
55.1K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.9K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Detecting expertise in decision making under pressure: a virtual reality assessment environment and empirical evaluation.

Cognitive research: principles and implications·2026
Same author

Radiomics in preclinical imaging research: methods, challenges and opportunities.

Npj imaging·2025
Same author

Linking space and ordinal position in working memory: A multi-level meta-analysis of the SPoARC effect.

Cognition·2025
Same author

The associations of stress, pleasure and emotion to voice-hearing: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Psychology and psychotherapy·2025
Same author

Deep Learning Model for Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Very Preterm Infants Using Cerebral Ultrasound.

Mayo Clinic proceedings. Digital health·2025
Same author

Planning, Cognitive Reflection, Inter-Temporal Choice, and Risky Choice in Chess Players: An Expertise Approach.

Journal of Intelligence·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.4K

Explaining the SPoARC and SNARC effects with knowledge structures: An expertise account.

Alessandro Guida1, Guillermo Campitelli2

  • 1LP3C, Université Rennes, Rennes, France. alessandro.guida@univ-rennes2.fr.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The expertise account proposes that knowledge structures explain spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC) and spatial-positional association of response codes (SPoARC) effects. This framework offers a new perspective on cognitive processes in memory.

Keywords:
ExpertiseMathematical cognitionOrdinal position effectRetrieval structuresSNARCSPoARCSpatial cognitionTemplatesVerbal working memoryWorking memory

More Related Videos

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports
07:35

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

2.1K
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.4K
A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports
07:35

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

2.1K
Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
06:33

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding

Published on: October 11, 2018

7.2K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Human Memory
  • Expert Performance

Background:

  • Existing theories, the working memory and dual accounts, attempt to explain the SNARC and SPoARC effects.
  • These effects relate to how spatial and numerical information influence response selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an alternative framework, the expertise account, for understanding the SNARC and SPoARC effects.
  • To integrate principles from expert memory research into cognitive theories of spatial-numerical associations.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis based on experimental and theoretical knowledge from expert memory.
  • Conceptualizing knowledge structures (schemas) as explanatory mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The expertise account suggests nonslotted schemas underlie the SNARC effect.
  • Slotted schemas are proposed to explain the SPoARC effect.

Conclusions:

  • The expertise account offers a unified explanation for both SNARC and SPoARC effects.
  • This framework has broader implications for understanding working memory and the role of knowledge structures in cognition.