Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Transfer Function in Control Systems01:21

Transfer Function in Control Systems

1.6K
The transfer function is a fundamental concept in the analysis and design of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. It offers a concise way to understand how a system responds to different inputs in the frequency domain. It serves as a bridge between the time-domain differential equations that describe system dynamics and the frequency-domain representation that facilitates easier manipulation and analysis.
To derive the transfer function, consider a general nth-order linear time-invariant...
1.6K
Pain01:20

Pain

1.4K
Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
1.4K
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

12.8K
When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
12.8K
Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic01:26

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

5.5K
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.
5.5K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.6K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.6K
Combinatorial Gene Control02:33

Combinatorial Gene Control

9.6K
Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...
9.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pulmonary fibrosis-related genes in U.S. veterans of African and European ancestries.

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine·2026
Same author

Characterizing Race-Based Differences in Antisynthetase Syndrome Interstitial Lung Disease.

Biomedicines·2026
Same author

Differences in Critical Torque Among Untrained, Resistance-Trained, and Aerobic-Trained Young Individuals.

Journal of strength and conditioning research·2026
Same author

The effects of CYP450 inhibition on cerebrovascular control during rest and mild hypovolemia: An exploratory study in young, healthy adults.

Physiological reports·2025
Same author

Real-World Characteristics of U.S. Veterans Who Have Undergone Robot-Assisted Bronchoscopy to Diagnose Lung Cancer.

Journal of bronchology & interventional pulmonology·2025
Same author

Pulmonary characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease.

Respiratory medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

15.9K

Endogenous Pain Inhibitory Function: Endurance-Trained Athletes vs Active Controls.

Jessica A Peterson1, Daniel J Schubert1, Jason Campbell1

  • 1Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.

Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)
|March 20, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Endurance athletes and controls show similar pain modulation after conditioning and isometric exercise. However, athletes exhibited reduced exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) in the brachioradialis after running, suggesting altered systemic pain responses in trained individuals.

Keywords:
Conditioned Pain ModulationExercise-Induced HypoalgesiaFitnessPressure Pain Threshold

More Related Videos

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

5.2K
An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Published on: January 27, 2010

21.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
07:30

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations

Published on: May 1, 2018

15.9K
Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

5.2K
An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP
14:56

An Experimental Paradigm for the Prediction of Post-Operative Pain PPOP

Published on: January 27, 2010

21.9K

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Pain modulation
  • Sports science

Background:

  • Athletes are susceptible to chronic pain, yet the impact of exercise on pain modulation remains unclear.
  • Understanding pain inhibitory mechanisms like conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is crucial for athletes' health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare CPM and EIH responses in endurance-trained athletes versus normally active controls.
  • To investigate how different exercise types influence pain perception and modulation in athletes.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) in vastus lateralis and brachioradialis muscles.
  • Utilized a pressure algometer before and after conditioning stimulus, isometric hand grip exercise, and a 30-minute run.
  • Compared responses between 13 endurance athletes and 13 controls.

Main Results:

  • CPM and isometric exercise yielded similar PPT increases in both athletes and controls.
  • Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) was comparable in the vastus lateralis after running.
  • EIH was attenuated in the brachioradialis of athletes post-run (P=0.047).

Conclusions:

  • Athletes and controls demonstrate similar endogenous pain inhibition following CPM and isometric exercise.
  • Reduced EIH in the brachioradialis of athletes after running suggests a potentially blunted systemic response to familiar exercise.
  • This may be linked to the exercise being perceived as less painful or effortful by trained athletes.