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Updated: Jan 27, 2026

Synthesis of a Water-soluble Metal–Organic Complex Array
Published on: October 8, 2016
Coolade. A Low-Foaming Surfactant for Organic Synthesis in Water
Nicholas R Lee1, Margery Cortes-Clerget1, Alex B Wood1
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
Abstract:
Several types of reduction reactions in organic synthesis are performed under aqueous micellar-catalysis conditions (in water at ambient temperature), which produce a significant volume of foam owing to the combination of the surfactant and the presence of gas evolution. The newly engineered surfactant "Coolade" minimizes this important technical issue owing to its low-foaming properties. Coolade is the latest in a series of designer surfactants specifically tailored to enable organic synthesis in water. This study reports the synthesis of this new surfactant along with its applications to gas-involving reactions.
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