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Related Concept Videos

Indicators02:39

Indicators

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Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein is a colorless substance in any aqueous solution with a hydronium ion concentration greater than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH < 8.3). In more basic solutions where the hydronium ion concentration is less than 5.0 × 10−9 M (pH > 8.3), it is red or pink. Substances such as phenolphthalein, which can be used to determine the pH of a solution, are...
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Electrical Current01:10

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Mechanical Ventilation I: Indication and Settings01:29

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Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving technique for managing acute respiratory failure and other respiratory complications. The process involves using a machine known as a ventilator to supply oxygen to the lungs and assist in removing carbon dioxide. It serves as a bridge to long-term mechanical ventilation or a temporary measure until ventilatory support is discontinued. The ventilator can maintain this function for a prolonged period, providing critical support for patients until they can...
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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
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Body Temperature01:07

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Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
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Body Temperature01:25

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The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
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Treatment of Liver Metastases Using an Internal Target Volume Method for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
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Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy - Current Indications.

P Burkoň, M Slavik, T Kazda

    Klinicka Onkologie : Casopis Ceske a Slovenske Onkologicke Spolecnosti
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) offers precise, high-dose radiation for localized tumors, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. It

    Keywords:
    Czech Republic - Conceptual Development of Research Organization (MMCI 00209805). The results of this research have been acquired within CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601) project with the financial contribution made by the Minis­try of EducationYouths and Sports of the Czech Republic within special support paid from the National Programme for Sustainability II funds. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugsor&#8239;services used in the study.The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 30. 10. 2018 Accepted: 4. 11. 2018productsradiotherapy - stereotactic body radiotherapy - review - ablative radiotherapy - lung cancer - prostate cancer - oligometastatic disease This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Health

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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Radiation Oncology
    • Medical Physics

    Background:

    • Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) utilizes advanced techniques like precise linear accelerators, immobilization, and imaging for localized tumor treatment.
    • SBRT delivers high radiation doses in few fractions, offering a well-tolerated, non-invasive alternative to conventional radiotherapy.
    • The precision of SBRT allows for ablative doses to the tumor, inducing necrosis while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide an overview of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) indications, radiation doses, and potential side effects.
    • To discuss both common and rarer indications for SBRT, including pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.
    • To offer a basic understanding of SBRT, excluding detailed treatment mechanics like patient fixation or respiratory management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing literature on Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT).
    • Analysis of SBRT indications, radiation dosages, and reported side effects.
    • Inclusion of rarer SBRT applications such as pancreatic and hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Main Results:

    • Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) has been successfully implemented for various primary tumors and oligometastatic disease.
    • SBRT demonstrates curative potential for primary lung and prostate tumors.
    • High-dose irradiation of oligometastases via SBRT can lead to long-term survival and improved quality of life.

    Conclusions:

    • Advances in imaging, planning, and dose delivery have established SBRT as a viable treatment option.
    • SBRT is a reasonable alternative when surgery is not feasible or refused by the patient.
    • SBRT can significantly improve oncological patient outcomes, including survival and quality of life, by delaying systemic therapies.